Genetic variability affects the development of brown adipocytes in white fat but not in interscapular brown fat

Xue, Bingzhong; Rim, Jong-Seop; Hogan, Jessica C.; Coulter, Ann A.; Koza, Robert A.; Kozak, Leslie P.

doi:10.1194/jlr.m600287-jlr200

Cited by 250 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, the possibility that WAT and BAT may originate from different cell progenitors remains open. In mice, brown adipocytes that develop within WAT in response to b-adrenergic stimulation and brown adipocytes in BAT depot do not derive from the same progenitor and they differentiate through different programs (Xue et al, 2007). Thus, it is reasonable to suppose that there might be a common progenitor for white/brown adipocytes in some or all WAT locations.…”

Section: Dynamics Of At Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species

Bonnet

Cassar-Malek

Chilliard

et al. 2010

Animal

113

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The lean-to-fat ratio, that is, the relative masses of muscle and adipose tissue, is a criterion for the yield and quality of bovine carcasses and meat. This review describes the interactions between muscle and adipose tissue (AT) that may regulate the dynamic balance between the number and size of muscle v. adipose cells. Muscle and adipose tissue in cattle grow by an increase in the number of cells (hyperplasia), mainly during foetal life. The total number of muscle fibres is set by the end of the second trimester of gestation. By contrast, the number of adipocytes is never set. Number of adipocytes increases mainly before birth until 1 year of age, depending on the anatomical location of the adipose tissue. Hyperplasia concerns brown pre-adipocytes during foetal life and white pre-adipocytes from a few weeks after birth. A decrease in the number of secondary myofibres and an increase in adiposity in lambs born from mothers severely underfed during early pregnancy suggest a balance in the commitment of a common progenitor into the myogenic or adipogenic lineages, or a reciprocal regulation of the commitment of two distinct progenitors. The developmental origin of white adipocytes is a subject of debate. Molecular and histological data suggested a possible transdifferentiation of brown into white adipocytes, but this hypothesis has now been challenged by the characterization of distinct precursor cells for brown and white adipocytes in mice. Increased nutrient storage in fully differentiated muscle fibres and adipocytes, resulting in cell enlargement (hypertrophy), is thought to be the main mechanism, whereby muscle and fat masses increase in growing cattle. Competition or prioritization between adipose and muscle cells for the uptake and metabolism of nutrients is suggested, besides the successive waves of growth of muscle v. adipose tissue, by the inhibited or delayed adipose tissue growth in bovine genotypes exhibiting strong muscular development. This competition or prioritization occurs through cellular signalling pathways and the secretion of proteins by adipose tissue (adipokines) and muscle (myokines), putatively regulating their hypertrophy in a reciprocal manner. Further work on the mechanisms underlying cross-talk between brown or white adipocytes and muscle fibres will help to achieve better understanding as a prerequisite to improving the control of body growth and composition in cattle.

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Section: Dynamics Of At Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species

Bonnet

Cassar-Malek

Chilliard

et al. 2010

Animal

113

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“…We tested this by analyzing for differences in expression between A/J and B6 mice during the early stages of brown fat differentiation in the fetus. 21 No genetic differences in any aspect of iBAT were observed for gene expression or morphology. Brown fat thermogenesis, which is fully differentiated at birth, is essential for survival of mice at birth when they have neither fur nor white adipose tissue.…”

Section: Development Of Ibat and Wbatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is possible to vary wBAT with iBAT being held invariant, there is currently no genetic model in which iBAT varies independently of wBAT. However, variation of wBAT without a corresponding variation in iBAT occurs in inbred strains of mice with spontaneous variant alleles, 20,21 in transgenic mice in which inactivation of raptor in adipocytes by Febp4-Cre recombinase (aP2-Cre) leads to induction of brown adipocytes in white fat depots, without an effect on iBAT; similarly, inactivation of the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor leads to a strong induction of uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) in white fat depots. 22,23 These models have provided strong evidence that mice with an elevated expression of wBAT are resistant to diet-induced obesity.…”

Section: Diffuse Brown Adipocytes In White Fat Depotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown fat thermogenesis and body weight regulation in mice: relevance to humans

2010

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Physiological, pharmacological and genetic studies in dogs, mice and rats have established that the uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1)-based brown adipose tissue system has an important role in the regulation of body temperature. Although it may be possible to create laboratory conditions in which mice with inactivated Ucp1 can survive in a modestly cooled environment, data overwhelmingly support the conclusion that the UCP1/BAT system has evolved to maintain body temperature at 37 1C. The corollary to this conclusion is that any influence UCP1/BAT might have on body weight regulation is a secondary function. The idea that BAT prevents obesity by burning off excess energy to maintain energy balance seems incompatible with evolutionary biology. Premodern humans spent an enormous amount of energy either running to catch their meal or avoiding becoming a meal themselves; consequently, there was no obesity. Nevertheless, although secondary to body temperature regulation, UCP1/BAT is extraordinarily effective at reducing adiposity and insulin resistance in mice and rats. Variation among mice in susceptibility to diet-induced obesity is correlated with the induction of brown adipocytes in traditional white fat depots (wBAT). Both genetic and cell biology-based experimentation have shown that the cellular origins of wBAT are different from those of interscapular-like brown adipocytes (iBAT). Do they have different functions? We have analyzed the effects of the early nutritional environment on the induction of brown adipocytes in inguinal fat to test the hypothesis that wBAT is primarily involved in body weight regulation. Although undernutrition during lactation severely suppresses wBAT at 21 days of age, undernourished mice fed a normal chow diet ad libitum at weaning recovered their normal wBAT and iBAT systems as young adults. The function of wBAT does not seem to be uniquely devoted to body weight regulation.

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“…This particular view has changed since the discovery that cells present in areas of WAT, after specific stimulus (such as chronic cold exposure or norepinephrine), may be able to express UCP-1, and achieve thermogenesis (79)(80)(81). Would WAT be able to transdifferentiate in BAT?…”

Section: What Is the Real Prevalence Of Brown Adipose Tissue? Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown adipose tissue: what have we learned since its recent identification in human adults

Halpern

Mancini

Halpern

2014

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Brown adipose tissue, an essential organ for thermoregulation in small and hibernating mammals due to its mitochondrial uncoupling capacity, was until recently considered to be present in humans only in newborns. The identification of brown adipose tissue in adult humans since the development and use of positron emission tomography marked with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (PET-FDG) has raised a series of doubts and questions about its real importance in our metabolism. In this review, we will discuss what we have learnt since its identification in humans as well as both new and old concepts, some of which have been marginalized for decades, such as diet-induced thermogenesis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):889-99 Keywords Brown adipose tissue; obesity; thermogenesis; UCP-1; energy expenditure RESUMO O tecido adiposo marrom, órgão essencial para a termorregulação de animais hibernantes e pequenos devido à sua capacidade desacopladora, era até poucos anos considerado presente apenas em recém-nascidos na espécie humana. A identificação do tecido adiposo marrom em adultos com o desenvolvimento e uso da tomografia de emissão de pósitron marcado com 18-fluorodesoxiglicose (PET-FDG) gerou questões sobre sua real importância para nosso metabolismo. Nesta revisão, discutiremos o que aprendemos nesse tempo, assim como conceitos antigos e novos, alguns marginalizados por décadas, como a termogênese induzida por dieta. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(9):889-99 Descritores

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Genetic variability affects the development of brown adipocytes in white fat but not in interscapular brown fat

Cited by 250 publications

References 49 publications

Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species

Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species

Brown fat thermogenesis and body weight regulation in mice: relevance to humans

Brown adipose tissue: what have we learned since its recent identification in human adults

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