Genetic variability and diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in human isolates of Pakistan based on cox1 mt-DNA sequences (366bp)

Muqaddas, Hira; Mehmood, Naunain; Arshad, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105470

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Even though genotypes G1 and G3 are grouped together as E. granulosus s.s., distinctiveness among these strains is present at mitochondrial level (Kinkar et al 2017;2018a), but not when the nuclear genes are analyzed (Kinkar et al 2017). G3 strain, also named as buffalo strain (Bowles et al 1992), is less prevalent globally but commonly occurs in areas with large buffalo populations like Italy (Capuano et al 2006;Busi et al 2007), India (Sharma et al 2013) and Pakistan (Mehmood et al 2020;Muqaddas et al 2020). Sharing common evolutionary trajectory, members of E. granulosus s.s. (G1 and G3 strains) occupy similar ecological niches around the globe but marked differences in prevalence of these genotypes could be linked to paleo-zoogeographic events and parasite's life history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and transmission patterns of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto among domestic ungulates of Sardinia, Italy

et al. 2021

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a parasitic zoonosis of public health and economic concern, is highly endemic in Sardinia, Italy. The study involved examining the intraspecific variability and demographic structure of Echinococcus granulosussensu stricto (s.s.) in common hosts of this parasite. Molecular surveillance included the fragment amplification of a partial mitochondrial gene, cox1 (750 bp), for a total of 69 isolates derived from sheep (n = 52), cattle (n = 11), pigs (n = 4), and goats (n = 2). It was ascertained that E. granulosus s.s. was the primary agent of infection among these ungulates and G1 genotype was highly prevalent (79.71%). Considerable intraspecific variation was found, revealing the existence of 22 haplotypes with relatively high haplotype (0.8555 ± 0.033) and low nucleotide diversities (0.00281 ± 0.00030). Population demographics indicated an expanding parasitic population signifying negative deviation from neutrality indices. Little genetic differentiation was found between the subpopulations of E. granulosus s.s. in the island. Moreover, the geographic dispersal of genotypes G1 and G3 also indicated similarity between Sardinian and mainland Echinococcus granulosus s.s. populations reaffirming the sympatric occurrence and efficient transmission of G1 and G3 genotypes. Molecular survey of CE has the potential to yield baseline information on the infective genotypes among the intermediate hosts and helps in devising suitable control strategies for curtailing the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and transmission patterns of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto among domestic ungulates of Sardinia, Italy

et al. 2021

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“…Using short fragments, mainly through PCR, molecular epidemiology has been applied to identify the main circulating Echinococcus spp. infecting humans [ 5 , 9 – 11 ]. However, short fragments of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) often could not distinguish closely related genotypes including G1/G3 and G6/G7 of the E. canadensis cluster [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…G3 was known as the buffalo strain and was first found in India [ 14 ]. Later, G3 was identified as the main genotype for human infection in Pakistan and North India [ 11 , 15 ]. G6 was known as the camel strain and was identified from camels in Somalia and Sudan, goats in Turkana, Kenya, and cattle and humans in China [ 14 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus spp. and genotypes infecting humans in Tibet Autonomous Region of China: a molecular investigation with near-complete/complete mitochondrial sequences

et al. 2022

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Background Molecular markers are essential to identify Echinococcus species and genotypes in areas with multiple Echinococcus species to understand their epidemiology and pathology. Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is one of the areas worst hit by echinococcosis. However, molecular epidemiology is still missing among echinococcosis patients in TAR. This research explored the Echinococcus species and genotypes infecting humans in TAR and the population diversity and the possible origin of G1 in TAR. Methods Cyst samples were collected in one echinococcosis-designated hospital in TAR. Echinococcus species and genotypes were identified through a maximum-likelihood approach with near-complete/complete mtDNA using IQ-TREE. Phylogenetic networks were built with PopART, and the phylogeographical diffusion pattern was identified using a Bayesian discrete phylogeographic method. Results Using phylogenetic trees made with near-complete/complete mtDNA obtained from 92 cysts from TAR patients, the Echinococcus species and genotypes infecting humans in TAR were identified as Echinococcus granulosus (s.s.) G1 (81, 88.04%), accounting for the majority, followed by G6 of the E. canadensis cluster (6, 6.52%), E. granulosus (s.s.) G3 (3, 3.26%), and E. multilocularis (2, 2.17%). An expansion trend and a possible recent bottleneck event were confirmed among the G1 samples in TAR. Adding the other near-complete mtDNA of G1 samples globally from the literature, we identified the possible phylogeographic origin of the G1 samples in TAR as Turkey. Conclusions Using near-complete/complete mtDNA sequences of Echinococcus spp. obtained from echinococcosis patients, a variety of Echinococcus species and genotypes infecting humans throughout TAR were identified. As far as we know, this is the first comprehensive molecular investigation of Echinococcus species and genotypes infecting humans throughout TAR. We identified, for the first time to our knowledge, the possible origin of the G1 in TAR. We also enriched the long mtDNA database of Echinococcus spp. and added two complete E. multilocularis mtDNA sequences from human patients. These findings will improve our knowledge of echinococcosis, help to refine the targeted echinococcosis control measures, and serve as a valuable baseline for monitoring the Echinococcus species and genotypes mutations and trends of the Echinococcus spp. population in TAR. Graphical Abstract

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“…Although formerly known as the “buffalo strain”, E. granulosus s.s. G3 has a wide range of intermediate hosts and is now recognized to circulate in almost all continents [ 15 , 36 ]. It is significantly less prevalent worldwide than genotype G1 but was found to be associated with a high rate of human CE cases in Italy, Bulgaria, Pakistan, Iran and India [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Until recently, it was not possible to differentiate unambiguously between genotypes G1 and G3, so the real contribution of genotype G3 to the global burden of CE may have been underestimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from Humans in Slovenia

et al. 2020

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The larval form of tapeworms of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato species cluster cause an important zoonotic infection, cystic echinococcosis (CE). Molecular characterization of the cluster’s isolates from different hosts greatly contributes to a better understanding of its transmission dynamics. To date, no genetic information is available on CE in Slovenia. In this work, we characterized isolates from human CE cases. Parasite samples from 18 patients were collected, together with the patients’ demographic and clinical data. Genomic DNA was analyzed by conventional PCR and sequencing at four mitochondrial loci (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, cox1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, nad1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5, nad5; and small ribosomal RNA, rrnS). Thirteen isolates were successfully amplified and sequenced. Seven (58.8%) patients were infected with E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) G1, five (38.5%) with E. canadensis G7 and one (7.7%) with E. granulosus s.s. G3. Echinococcus canadensis G7, the pig genotype, was identified exclusively in autochthonous Slovenes, while the patients originating from the Western Balkans were all infected with E. granulosus s.s. Our findings suggest that pigs are important intermediate hosts for human CE in Slovenia.

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Genetic variability and diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in human isolates of Pakistan based on cox1 mt-DNA sequences (366bp)

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Genetic diversity and transmission patterns of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto among domestic ungulates of Sardinia, Italy

Genetic diversity and transmission patterns of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto among domestic ungulates of Sardinia, Italy

Echinococcus spp. and genotypes infecting humans in Tibet Autonomous Region of China: a molecular investigation with near-complete/complete mitochondrial sequences

Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from Humans in Slovenia

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