Genetic variability and population structure of sockeye salmon from the Asian Coast of Pacific Ocean

Хрусталева, А. М.; Klovach, N. V.; Seeb, James E.

doi:10.1134/s1022795417100052

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The low differentiation level of Western Kamchatka populations of sockeye salmon, as identified both in the present work and in our previous studies (Khrustaleva et al, 2014(Khrustaleva et al, , 2017, is most likely due to their common origin. The majority of Asian sockeye salmon populations are widely considered as relatively young by historical standards, and their age does not exceed 10-12 thousand years (Cheshnev, 1998;Brykov et al, 2005), since its modern distribution range largely coincides with the supposed area of the last Wisconsin glaciation (maximum ~26.5−19.0 thousand years ago, deglaciation ~ 16.90−12.68 thousand years ago) in the North Pacific Velichko and Faustova, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The first principal component in the factor analysis had reliable association with the spawning time of sockeye salmon in the basin of Lake Kurilskoye and had the greatest load at the loci U503-170, MHC,Prl2, It should be noted that most of the listed loci were candidates for targeted selection in both Asian and North American Pacific Coastal populations of the sockeye salmon (Ackerman et al, 2011;Gomez-Uchida et al, 2011;Khrustaleva et al, 2017). Thus, it is likely that the differences in spawning periods are mainly to selective processes, while the geographical division of the sockeye salmon in the basin of Lake Kurilskoye is caused by the factors related to restriction of gene flow between the groups, since the main contribution to the second component was made by the potentially selectively neutral loci or by the loci under balancing selection in a number of localities: VIM-569, zP3b, and MARCKS-241 (Khrustaleva et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of the Population Structure Formation of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Salmonidae) in Western Kamchatka

Хрусталева

2023

J. Ichthyol.

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Abstract— The results of previous studies on the population structure of the sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka of Western Kamchatka are revised based on the analysis of the variability of 45 single nucleotide polymorphism loci using both own data (seven samples from the water bodies of the western coast of the Kamchatka peninsula) and the data obtained by other researchers (seven samples from the basin of Lake Kurilskoye and one sample from the Bystraya River, basin of the Bolshaya River). All materials were re-analyzed to clarify the existing ideas about the origin and formation of the populations of sockeye salmon of the Western Kamchatka complex, as well as to reconstruct the historical and modern demographic and genetic processes that occur in these populations. According to the results of genetic differentiation tests, principal component analysis, and discriminant analysis of the principal components the sample set of lake sockeye salmon from the Ozernaya River (reproduction in the basin of Lake Kurilskoye) and Plotnikova River (predominantly the downstream migrants from Lake Nachikinskoye) differed the most from the other samples, represented mainly by river sockeye salmon. The results of the principal component analysis and the topology of the phylogenetic network for the sample sets from the basin of Lake Kurilskoye revealed their division in accordance with the periods of spawning grounds filling and with the geographical variability of the spawning periods of sockeye salmon in the lake basin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of the Population Structure Formation of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Salmonidae) in Western Kamchatka

Хрусталева

2023

J. Ichthyol.

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“…The groups with multiple sample years per location (Table 1) did not show substantial temporal genetic deviation; all F ST values were close to zero or negative (F ST ≤ 0.011; Table 2). We retained the "Rsvr 2000" group separately from other reservoir groups (F ST = 0.082) due to an indication of a Wahlund effect (Khrustaleva et al 2017), while groups that were sampled before (1988)(1989)(1990); Native Rsvr) and after (2016 and 2019; Rsvr Forebay) the year 2000 were respectively combined by sample location (Table 1). Group sample sizes ranged from 13 (Osilinka River) to 345 (Meadow Creek) individuals.…”

Section: Microsatellite Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic population structure of introduced and native lineages of kokanee in a large impounded watershed

Breault,

Wetklo,

Langston

et al. 2023

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Kokanee, the non‐anadromous life‐history form of Oncorhynchus nerka, use lacustrine habitat in watersheds draining into the north Pacific Ocean. Kokanee also have been widely introduced into reservoirs following impoundment of rivers consequent to the construction of hydroelectric dams. Genetically divergent subpopulations of Kokanee should be identified and evaluated when implementing watershed‐level fishery management strategies. We analyzed the genetic population structure of Kokanee in the Williston watershed, north‐central British Columbia, where native populations were present in the reservoir and headwater lakes prior to stocking Columbia River‐origin fish in the 1990s. Using microsatellite markers, we determined that native Williston Reservoir Kokanee were divergent from only one of the headwater lake populations. Native populations in headwater lakes remain entirely separate from the reservoir populations, and there was no indication of past or current introgression with the introduced stock. We identified all fish collected from 2006 to 2019 as introduced Columbia River‐origin genotypes, and there was no evidence of genetic divergence by spawning location. As native Williston Kokanee have not been sampled from the reservoir in survey efforts since 2000, it is likely that this population has been extirpated from the reservoir perhaps through competition with the introduced Columbia River‐origin lineage.

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“…2000 group indicated nonsignificant evidence for 6 null alleles (row 19 of Table A2.2). As Kokanee in this group were collected from the reservoir rather than a discrete spawning channel (Pillipow and Langston 2002), there is a possibility that this evidence of null alleles may indicate a Wahlund effect; when samples are collected from a mixed catch, such as spawning lakes or along spawning migration routes, the resulting analysis can show a Wahlund effect with varying gene frequencies and an overabundance of homozygotes (Khrustaleva et al 2017). For salmon populations with relatively short evolutionary timeframes (10,000-15,000 years), null alleles may not hinder analyses of genetic population structure (Small et al 1998).…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to microsatellites, which are selectively neutral within the genome, SNPs allow for the examination of selective genes, which may offer high resolution stock identification where applicable (Habicht et al 2010;Dann et al 2012). Additionally, as conservative markers, SNPs retain evidence of shifts in allele frequency distribution that occurred in relatively ancient times more so than microsatellites (Khrustaleva et al 2017). This may make SNPs more effective in phylogenetic reconstructions than microsatellites, which have not been historically successful in analyses of populations that are not closely related (Goldstein and Pollock 1997).…”

Section: Interactions Between Columbia-type and Native Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extirpation of a native population following a stocking program: genetic population structure and demographics of kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) in a large impounded watershed

Wilson¹

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Kokanee, the non-anadromous life history form of Oncorhynchus nerka, use lacustrine habitat in watersheds draining into the north Pacific Ocean. Kokanee have also been widely introduced into reservoirs following impoundment of rivers due to the construction of dams. Locally-adapted subpopulations of Kokanee, however, should be identified and evaluated when implementing watershed-level management strategies. In Chapter 1, I examined fork length, condition factor, and age at maturity for Kokanee in the Williston watershed of northern British Columbia to identify potential spatial and temporal trends in demographic structure following a large-scale stocking program that occurred in the 1990s. Adult spawning Kokanee that were native to the reservoir and collected prior to stocking events were significantly larger and maintained higher condition factors than Kokanee stocked from the Columbia River sampled in any year after 1991. Introduced Kokanee sampled in 2018 and 2019 were the smallest spawners and were significantly smaller than all fish collected between 1989 and 2018; the condition factors of these fish were also significantly lower than native Kokanee and the first spawning cohorts of Columbia-origin fish. The average age at maturity did not change across spatial or temporal scales (3 yrs.). My results indicate an ongoing trend of decreasing spawner size and condition factor for Kokanee in the Williston Reservoir since introduction events in the early 1990s. In Chapter 2, I analyzed the genetic population structure of Kokanee in the Williston watershed, including from the reservoir before stocking Columbia-origin fish and native populations from headwaters of the Williston Reservoir: Thutade, Arctic, and Tacheeda Lakes. Using microsatellite markers, I identified that all fish collected from 2006 to 2019 were introduced Columbia-origin genotypes, and there was no evidence of genetic divergence by spawning location. Native populations in Arctic and Tacheeda Lakes remained entirely separate from the reservoir populations, and there was no indication of past or current introgression with introduced stock. I identified that native Williston Reservoir Kokanee diverged from the Thutade Lake population; as native Williston fish have not been sampled since 2000, it is likely that this population has been extirpated in the reservoir by the successful Columbia-origin lineage. My results highlight an unfortunate consequence of underinformed management practices that failed to recognize the native Williston Kokanee as a distinct population. Strategies that incorporate knowledge of subpopulations of Williston watershed Kokanee, such as genetic populations or reproductive ecotypes, should be prioritized to conserve locally-adapted genetic diversity.

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Genetic variability and population structure of sockeye salmon from the Asian Coast of Pacific Ocean

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of the Population Structure Formation of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Salmonidae) in Western Kamchatka

Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of the Population Structure Formation of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Salmonidae) in Western Kamchatka

Genetic population structure of introduced and native lineages of kokanee in a large impounded watershed

Extirpation of a native population following a stocking program: genetic population structure and demographics of kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) in a large impounded watershed

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