Genetic Variability, Genotype × Environment Interaction, Correlation, and GGE Biplot Analysis for Grain Iron and Zinc Concentration and Other Agronomic Traits in RIL Population of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

Abstract

The low grain iron and zinc densities are well documented problems in food crops, affecting crop nutritional quality especially in cereals. Sorghum is a major source of energy and micronutrients for majority of population in Africa and central India. Understanding genetic variation, genotype × environment interaction and association between these traits is critical for development of improved cultivars with high iron and zinc. A total of 336 sorghum RILs (Recombinant Inbred Lines) were evaluated for grain iron and zinc concentration along with other agronomic traits for 2 years at three locations. The results showed that large variability exists in RIL population for both micronutrients (Iron = 10.8 to 76.4 mg kg−1 and Zinc = 10.2 to 58.7 mg kg−1, across environments) and agronomic traits. Genotype × environment interaction for both micronutrients (iron and zinc) was highly significant. GGE biplots comparison for grain iron and zinc showed greater variation across environments. The results also showed that G × E was substantial for grain iron and zinc, hence wider testing needed for taking care of G × E interaction to breed micronutrient rich sorghum lines. Iron and zinc concentration showed high significant positive correlation (across environment = 0.79; p < 0.01) indicating possibility of simultaneous effective selection for both the traits. The RIL population showed good variability and high heritabilities (>0.60, in individual environments) for Fe and Zn and other traits studied indicating its suitability to map QTL for iron and zinc.

Assessment of Stability and Adaptation Patterns of White Sugar Yield from Sugar Beet Cultivars in Temperate Climate Environments

“…There is no biological reason for the division into these specific mega-environments. Similarly, as in the case of the sugar beet [28,29], the lack of justification for the division of locations into a mega-environment was observed in many other species of arable crops [30,31].…”

Variability for Productivity and Nutritional Traits in Germplasm of Kodo Millet, an Underutilized Nutrient‐Rich Climate Smart Crop

“…Grain Fe and Zn content in several crops including sorghum (Upadhyaya et al, 2016;Phuke et al, 2017), pearl millet (Kanatti et al, 2014), proso millet (Vetriventhan and Upadhyaya, 2018), and finger millet (Upadhyaya et al, 2011a) were significantly and positively correlated. However, in this study, Fe and Zn content showed significant correlation only in 2016, indicating that the performance of accessions between years and consequently the correlation between the traits, differ mainly due to the influence of year (environments) and genotype ´ year interaction.…”

“…Average Zn (23-25 mg kg −1 ) and protein (7.9-8.5%) contents in the kodo millet accessions used in this study were greater than those in finger millet germplasm (Zn 19.9 mg kg −1 , protein 7.3%) (Upadhyaya et al, 2011a), and Ca content (190-213 mg kg −1 ) was greater than in foxtail millet (146 mg kg −1 ) (Upadhyaya et al, 2011b) and proso millet (165 mg kg −1 ) (Vetriventhan Table 7. High genotype ´ environment interaction has been reported for grain nutrient content in several crops including maize (Oikeh et al, 2004), sorghum (Phuke et al, 2017), pearl millet (Pucher et al, 2014), and affects the rank of genotypes across environments. (Ward, 1963).…”

“…Grain nutrient content is highly influenced by genotype and genotype ´ environment interactions; therefore, assessing trait stability across environments is important in crop improvement programs to enhance the nutritional quality of food crops. High genotype ´ environment interaction has been reported for grain nutrient content in several crops including maize (Oikeh et al, 2004), sorghum (Phuke et al, 2017), pearl millet (Pucher et al, 2014), and affects the rank of genotypes across environments. In this study, most significantly high-grain, nutrient-rich accessions in 1 yr did not display the same performance in another year.…”

Phenotypic Characterization of 183 Turkish Common Bean Accessions for Agronomic, Trading, and Consumer-Preferred Plant Characteristics for Breeding Purposes

“…In this study, all traits were found highly heritable except days to emergence, root length, and secondary branches as per scale of Robinson [39] ( Table 2). The magnitude of heritability is mainly governed by the level of genetic variability, while higher heritability results in lower environmental effects on a specific trait [40]. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for most of studied traits reflected that genotypic variances were highly significant within as well as across the environment, revealing their higher level of heritability.…”