Genetic Variability, Heritability, Correlation Analysis, Genetic advance, and Principal Component Analysis of Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L) Inbred lines Adapted to Mid-altitude Agroecology of Ethiopia

Abstract

To establish effective breeding techniques for the creation of nutritionally enhanced maize cultivars, reasonable information of the extent of genetic diversity, heritability, genetic advance, correlation analyses, and interrelationships of yield and yield related variables is essential. As a result, the goal of this study was to determine the nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heritability, Correlation Analysis, genetic advance, and principal Component analysis of grain yield and yield-related traits in quality protein maize inbred lines adapted to Ethiopia's mid-altitude agroecology. During 2019/2020, the experiment was done on 36 inbred lines, including four checks at Bako and Jimma. The genotypes were tested three times in an alpha lattice arrangement. For all parameters except days to maturity, the mean square due to genotypes was extremely significant, according to the analysis of variance. The level of phenotypic and genotypic variation among all eleven characteristics showed that the environment influenced the expression of features in some way. Grain yield, kernels per ear, ear diameter, and thousand kernels weight all showed a moderately greater heritability. The estimated genetic progress as a percent of mean for grain production, kernels per row, and ear per plant was extremely high, indicating the control of additive gene of action and a better hope for selection of these traits. Grain yield has a high heritability mixed with a high genetic advance, indicating that additive gene action is dominant in controlling the variable. Days to maturity, plant and ear height, ear diameter, ear per plant, and thousand kernel weights all exhibited extremely significant positive associations with grain yield. The eigenvalue of the first main component was 6.16, and it accounted for 4.60 of the total variances. The PC7 had large ear weights per plant, which most likely reflected yield. Finally, in future quality protein maize breeding efforts, special ......

Genetic variability, heritability, and correlation of hybrids maize agronomy characters adaptive to dry land, medium plains

“…The results of this study were in line with the results obtained in the maize experiment on dry land where several characters such plant height, leave number per plant, ear length, ear diameter, weight of dry ear harvested per plant and yield have high heritability values [14,21]. Similar results were reported for ear lenght and plant height [22], number of kernels per row in maize number of kernel row per ear 1000 grain weight [23,24]. Characters with moderate heritability values were stem diameter, male flowering time and yield, while characters with low heritability were only shown for female flowering time characters.…”

RETRACTED: Variability among maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for agro- morphological traits

“…In our study, significant differences for plant height, ear height, number of leaves above the ear, total number of leaves, number of primary tassel branches, number of secondary tassel branches, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per kernel row, thousand grain weight, grain yield, and insect score were found among the maize inbred lines (Table 3, Table 4). The results of the present study are consistent with those of Yadesa et al (2022) and Jilo et al (2018), who found a wide range of variability in maize traits, including grain yield, row numbers per ear, number of kernels per row, ear length, ear diameter, and thousand-kernel weight. In the maize genotypes, Mukri et al (2022) and Al-Naggar et al (2022) found that there was significant genetic variability for yield and attributes that contributed to yield.…”

Genotype - Environment Interaction in Zea mays L.

“…As for the values of the coefficient of phenotypic variation, they were low for the traits of the male and female flowering dates and plant height 2.477, 2.797 and 7.855, respectively, and medium for the rest of the traits. This agrees with what was obtained by [11,13,18], from low to medium coefficient values of genetic and phenotypic variation. It turns out that the values of the coefficient of phenotypic variation were much higher than the values of the coefficient of genetic variation for all traits, and this indicates the significant role of the environmental influence represented by (locations and plant densities) in the phenotypic change of traits to varying degrees.…”

“…The results of Table (4) show the values of phenotypic variances and their total and environmental genetic components and genetic parameters for the traits under study in maize, (which were estimated from the values of the mean squares for the analysis of genetic environmental aggregate variance Table (4), and from it , it is clear that the genetic variance was significant from zero for all traits .These results are consistent with the findings of [9][10][11][12][13], of high values of genetic variance for some traits. As for environmental variance and environmental genetic variance, it is noted that the values of each of them were significant from zero for all the traits under study, and this is in line with the high values of environmental variance and environmental genetic variance for some of the traits studied through the results obtained by [14][15][16][17].…”

“…The heritability values in the broad sense were high for the two traits of the male and female flowering dates 0.624 and 0.644, respectively, and medium for the traits total ear weight and grain number per ear 0.467 and 0.425, respectively, while they were low for the rest of the other traits. From previous studies, some researchers obtained heritability values that ranged between high medium and low for different adjectives, including [13,19,20]. It is noted that the expected genetic adva nce as a percentage of the average trait was an average value for the traits of total ear weight, number of grains per ear, individual plant grain yield, and total grain yield 17.514, 17.694, 10.158, and 11.003, respectively, and low for the rest of the other traits.…”