Genetic variability of invasive species,Fallopia convolvulus(Polygonaceae) in Iran

Abstract

markers (ISSR) were used to study the genetic variability on 11 populations of this species. Genetic diversity parameters, genetic distance and gene flow were determined. Genetic variation at inter-and intra-populational level were evaluated by different methods. AMOVA and structure analyses revealed high genetic diversity within populations. Mantel test revealed a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Between populations a limited gene flow was observed. It is concluded that local adaptation, low gene exchange and genetic drift can affect genetic diversity of F. convolvulus. Despite selfcompatibility of this species, it is proposed that out-crossing may be occur because of higher genetic variation among populations of this taxon.

Origin and genetic variability of populations of the invasive plant Rumex alpinus L. in the Giant (Krkonoše) Mountains

“…This fact was subsequently confirmed by the results of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, especially in Alpine populations. Similarly, higher genetic polymorphism in native localities was confirmed in other studies (Chen et al, 2009;Keshavarzi & Mosaferi, 2019;Leišová-Svobodová et al, 2018;Rollins et al, 2013). It is consistent with the statement that in natural habitats, plants such as R. alpinus reproduced by generative proliferation (Červenková & Münzbergová, 2009;Klimeš et al, 1993Klimeš et al, , 1997, leading to subsequent higher genetic variability (Briggs & Walters, 2016).…”

“…Genton et al, 2005;Hardesty et al, 2012). In the localities, there may have been a drastic reduction in the number of individuals, inbreeding, and thus allele loss as the population settled into the new territory (Wright, 1931;Maron et al, 2004;Keshavarzi & Mosaferi, 2019).…”

“…Nevertheless, the less distinct molecular difference was found between R. alpinus from the Czech Mountains and R. alpinus in the Alps, which was probably caused due to the bottleneck effect in all of Krkonoše populations except Špindl (DeWalt et al, 2011 ; Durka et al, 2005 ; Genton et al, 2005 ; Hardesty et al, 2012 ). In the localities, there may have been a drastic reduction in the number of individuals, inbreeding, and thus allele loss as the population settled into the new territory (Wright, 1931 ; Maron et al, 2004 ; Keshavarzi & Mosaferi, 2019 ).…”

Phenological response patterns and productive ability of Fallopia convolvulus to weather variability in Iran

“…convolvulus, like other annual weeds, is a problem throughout the growing season because it emerges at wide range of time, allowing it to escape from control operations, produce seed and create soil seed banks that may persist for several years (Kon et al, 2007;Baskin & Baskin, 2014). In addition to the winter crops (wheat and canola), long duration of black bindweed ̛s emergence makes it's as a possible weed in summer crops like sugar beet, maize, sesame and sunflower (Hume et al, 1983;Royer & Dickinson, 1999;Odero et al, 2010;Vidotto et al, 2016;Keshavarzi & Mosaferi, 2020). In addition to it, its prolonged emergence is an advantage with regard to climate change, according to Chen et al ( 2020) species with lengthened phenological periods will be more dominate under warming.…”

“…The growth of F. convolvulus is an important issue to study because it currently has the highest expansion rate and significantly affects crop production in Iran and the consequent negative impacts on environment by inaccurate herbicide application (http://www.plantwise.org). Its twining growth greatly affects the growth and yield of wheat and canola (Gherekhloo & Sohrabi, 2014;Keshavarzi & Mosaferi, 2020). Therefore, it is essential to know how weather variability influences both the reproductive cycle and vegetative development of it (Vârban et al, 2021).…”