Genetic Variability on Tolerance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Genotypes Induced with Sodium Azide Mutagen

Abstract

variability on tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes induced with sodium azide mutagen, Molecular Plant Breeding, 8(3): 27-37 (doi: 10.5376/mpb.2017.08.0003) Abstract This study investigated the mutagenic variability of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes induced with sodium azide (NaN3).The seeds of maize genotypes; TZE-WDTSTR C4, TZM 154, SAMMAZ 15, DTE-YSR BC3, EV99 QPM, DTSR COF2, TZM 146 and TZM 1441 were pre-soaked in distilled water for six hours before treated with 20ml of sodium azide at 35, 45, 55, and 65 mM for six hours. The untreated maize served as control. The seeds were sown on perforated polythene bags containing 7kg of soil with three replicates in a complete randomized design. The observations from seedling to maturity recorded albino, xantha and viridis mutant traits. The mitotic studies carried out on the root tips of the seedlings revealed chromosomal aberrations such as abnormal anaphase and metaphase and chromosomal deletion. There were variations among the genotypes for yield, morpho-agronomic traits and mutation tolerance. TZE-WDTSTR C4, TZM 154 and TZM 146 were early maturing genotypes. TZM 1441 and EV99 QPM were the most tolerant genotypes to mutagenic effect, while EV99 QPM performed best for percentage seed germination, ear aspect, husk cover and mutation tolerance. The mutation tolerance was positive and strongly correlated with agronomic and yield traits (days to first tasseling, tasseling length, plant stand, ear aspect, husk cover and number of cobs) compared to growth traits. The number of cobs produced is positive and strongly related with mutation tolerance at r = 0.77; p < 0.01, while the ear aspect is positive and strongly associated with husk cover, number of cobs and mutation tolerance at r = 0.86, 0.76 and 0.79 respectively. The first Principal Component Axis (Prin. 1) had the highest contribution to the variation of morphological, yield and mutation tolerance traits with proportion and Eigen value of 23.12% and 3.24 respectively, while Prin. 14 had the least contribution. Stem height, grain weight, shoot biomass and root biomass were closely related to mutation tolerance in Prin. 1 than other traits. Therefore, selection of the most tolerant genotypes to sodium azide (chemical mutagen) should be considered in breeding programmes.

STUDIES ON BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea (L.)Verdc.) INDUCED WITH SODIUM AZIDE USING SODIUM DODECYL SULPHATE POLYACRLYAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS (SDS-PAGE)

“…This could be as a result of the lethal effect caused by the mutagen. Similar reductions were also observed in maize in the reports made by Olawuyi and Okoli (2017). Note: * = significant at p<0.05, ** = highly significant at p<0.01, *** = highly significant at p<0.001…”

Enhancement drought tolerance of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in vitro by sodium azide

“…Moreover, it was commonly utilized to induce mutagenesis in in vitro plant systems (Türkoğlu et al, 2022). Also, numerous studies have demonstrated the role and effectiveness of sodium azide to in enhance crop resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses (Olawuyi and Okoli, 2017;Hussain et al, 2022). Hussain et al (2022) reported that sodium azide treatments induced point mutations in the genome of plant, resulting in the production of proteins with different functions compared to non-mutant plants.…”

Generating better leaf traits in M2 lines of fourteen Ethiopian sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes through the treatment of their seeds with sodium azide

“…Therefore, chemical mutagens have now become useful tools in crop improvement. Studies have shown the potential of mutagens in producing varieties tolerant or resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses in various susceptible crops while improving their yield and quality traits ( Olawuyi and Okoli, 2017 ). To date, several mutagens, including NaN 3 are being adapted for crop improvement with positive and negative effects ( Heslot, 1977 ).…”