Genetic variability predicting breeding potential of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for high temperature tolerance

Abstract

Background High temperature stress at peak flowering stage of cotton is a major hindrance for crop productivity. This study aimed to increase genetic divergence regarding heat tolerance in newly developed cultivars and hybrids. The fifty cotton genotypes and 40F1 were tested under field conditions following the treatments viz., high temperature stress and control at peak flowering stage during August and October under April and June sowing, respectively. Results The means squares revealed significant differences among genotypes, treatments, genotype×treatment for relative cell injury, chlorophyll contents, canopy temperature, boll retention and seed cotton yield. The genetic diversity among 50 genotypes was analyzed through cluster analysis and heat susceptibility index (HSI). Based on HSI and cluster analysis eight tolerant genotypes (FH-Noor, NIAB-545, FH-466, FH-Lalazar, FH-458, NIAB-878, IR-NIBGE-8 and Weal-AG-Shahkar) and five sensitive (CIM-602, Silky-3, FH-326, SLH-12 and FH-442) were selected for hybridization. The breeding material, 40F1 and 13 parents evaluated following line×tester design. Higher specific combining ability variances with dominance variances determined the non-additive gene action for all the traits. The best general combining ability effects for most of the traits were displayed by lines FH-Lalazar, NIAB-878 along with testers FH-326 and SILKY-3. Specific combining ability effects and better-parent heterosis were showed by crosses FH-Lalazar×SILKY-3, FH-Lalazar×FH-326, NIAB-878×SILKY-3 and NIAB-878×FH-326 for seed cotton yield and yield contributing traits under high temperature stress. Conclusion Consequently, heterosis breeding for non-additive type of gene action, may utilize the potential parents in different cross combinations to develop high temperature tolerance in local cotton cultivars and hybrids for improving seed cotton yield .

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Some Agronmic and Technological Quantitative Traits in Cotton Using Line X Tester Analysis

“…The results showed that genotypes, parents, crosses, parents vs. crosses, lines, testers and line x tester recorded highly significant for all studied traits except for uniformity index of lines. Similar results were reported by Lingaraja et al (2017), Tigga et al, (2017), Al-Hibbiny et al, (2020, , Samak et al, (2022) and Farooq et al, (2023).…”

“…High differences between broad and narrow sense heritabilities may be due to the presence of non-fixable components in the inheritance of most traits studied. Similar results were observed by Vadodariya et al, (2017), El-Shazly (2018), Al-Hibbiny (2020), Farooq et al, (2023), Yehia et al, (2023) and Sukrutha et al, (2023).…”

“…The most important merit of this approach is that it enables evaluation with less experimental materials compared to other mating designs. The line x tester design has been used in studies about yield, its components and fiber quality traits in cotton by Arif et al, (2022), Farooq et al, (2023), Sukrutha et al, (2023), Hottigodar et al, (2023) and Balci et al, (2023).…”

Investigation of Vegetative High Temperature Tolerance of Some Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties

“…ADN123, ADN413, ADN710, AGC208, Aydın110, BA440, Bir781, Bomba, Bossa159, Candia, Carisma, Carla, Carmen, Ceykot340, Claudia, Çukurova1518, DP332, DP499, Edessa, Efe, Ergüven, ES1, ES2, Esperia, Fantom, Fiona, Furkan, Gloria, GW2345, Harem1, Harem2, İpek607, Kartanesi, Lima, Lodos, MAY404, MAY455, MAY505, Optasia, Özaltın112, Özaltın404, Özbek105, Penta (Golda), PG2018, Sarıgelin, SC2009, SC2079, Sezener76 , SJU86, ST474, ST478, ST498, STV468, Tamcot Spnhix, TMN18, TYA366, Yıldırım63, Zena1010, Zena1018, Zena1040 and ZN243 cotton genotypes (62 pieces) were determined to have in the sensitive region (SZ). In our study, our findings obtained by measuring different values as a result of screening genotypes in terms of vegetative tolerance or sensitivity under control and stress conditions in terms of CMT or %RCI characteristics were similar to the findings of Sajid [33], Azhar [24], Rahman [23], Farooq [34], Zafar [35], Jamil [36]. It was determined that there was a wide variation among the genotypes screened for vegetatively high temperature stress.…”