Genetic variation and genotype by location interaction in body weight, spinal deformity and sexual maturity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) reared at different locations off Norway

Kolstad, Kari; Thorland, Ingunn; Refstie, Terje; Gjerde, Bjarne

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.12.022

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The value for body weight heritability obtained in our study also agrees with estimates previously reported in European sea bass, which range from medium heritabilities (0.2 in [12], 0.38-0.44 in [15] and 0.39 in [16,17]) to high heritabilities when taking into account different environments (0.31-0.60 in [18]). Generally, body length and body weight have moderate to high heritability values in teleost fishes: 0.6 in Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch [19], 0.12-0.47 in brown trout, Salmo trutta [20], 0.09-0.44 in carp, Cyprinus carpio [21,22], 0.38-0.79 in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus [23,24], 0.64 (± 0.12) in cod, Gadus morhua [25], 0.38 ± 0.07 in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata [26]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of cortisol response to confinement stress in European sea bass dicentrarchus labrax

et al. 2012

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BackgroundIn fish, the most studied production traits in terms of heritability are body weight or growth, stress or disease resistance, while heritability of cortisol levels, widely used as a measure of response to stress, is less studied. In this study, we have estimated heritabilities of two growth traits (body weight and length) and of cortisol response to confinement stress in the European sea bass.FindingsThe F1 progeny analysed (n = 922) belonged to a small effective breeding population with contributions from an unbalanced family structure of just 10 males and 2 females. Heritability values ranged from 0.54 (±0.21) for body weight to 0.65 (±0.22) for standard body length and were low for cortisol response i.e. 0.08 (±0.06). Genetic correlations were positive (0.94) between standard body length and body weight and negative between cortisol and body weight and between cortisol and standard body length (−0.60 and −0.55, respectively).ConclusionThis study confirms that in European sea bass, heritability of growth-related traits is high and that selection on such traits has potential. However, heritability of cortisol response to stress is low in European sea bass and since it is known to vary greatly among species, further studies are necessary to understand the reasons for these differences.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of cortisol response to confinement stress in European sea bass dicentrarchus labrax

et al. 2012

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“…Recently, Thodesen et al (2013) reported, in a different population of red tilapia, that the genetic correlation between body weight in freshwater earthen ponds and floating cages was high (0.92 ± 0.06), while that between freshwater earthen ponds and brackish water tanks was low (0.33 ± 0.14). The G × E interaction effect was reported for a range of fish species, including Nile tilapia (Bentsen et al, 2012; Trọng et al, 2013), rainbow trout (Kause et al, 2003), Atlantic cod (Kolstad et al, 2006), Asian and European sea bass (Dupont-Nivet et al, 2010; Domingos et al, 2013; Le Boucher et al, 2013). A synthesis of the literature review across farmed aquaculture species indicates that when the environments are similar (e.g., pond vs. cage), the G × E effect is not of commercial importance for body traits (e.g., Nguyen, 2016; Sae-Lim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effects of Genotype by Environment Interaction on Genetic Gain and Genetic Parameter Estimates in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)

Nguyen

Hamzah²,

Thoa

2017

Front. Genet.

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The extent to which genetic gain achieved from selection programs under strictly controlled environments in the nucleus that can be expressed in commercial production systems is not well-documented in aquaculture species. The main aim of this paper was to assess the effects of genotype by environment interaction on genetic response and genetic parameters for four body traits (harvest weight, standard length, body depth, body width) and survival in Red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). The growth and survival data were recorded on 19,916 individual fish from a pedigreed population undergoing three generations of selection for increased harvest weight in earthen ponds from 2010 to 2012 at the Aquaculture Extension Center, Department of Fisheries, Jitra in Kedah, Malaysia. The pedigree comprised a total of 224 sires and 262 dams, tracing back to the base population in 2009. A multivariate animal model was used to measure genetic response and estimate variance and covariance components. When the homologous body traits in freshwater pond and cage were treated as genetically distinct traits, the genetic correlations between the two environments were high (0.85–0.90) for harvest weight and square root of harvest weight but the estimates were of lower magnitudes for length, width and depth (0.63–0.79). The heritabilities estimated for the five traits studied differed between pond (0.02 to 0.22) and cage (0.07 to 0.68). The common full-sib effects were large, ranging from 0.23 to 0.59 in pond and 0.11 to 0.31 in cage across all traits. The direct and correlated responses for four body traits were generally greater in pond than in cage environments (0.011–1.561 vs. −0.033–0.567 genetic standard deviation units, respectively). Selection for increased harvest body weight resulted in positive genetic changes in survival rate in both pond and cage culture. In conclusion, the reduced selection response and the magnitude of the genetic parameter estimates in the production environment (i.e., cage) relative to those achieved in the nucleus (pond) were a result of the genotype by environment interaction and this effect should be taken into consideration in the future breeding program for Red tilapia.

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“…Besides, genetic background has been frequently mentioned as a significant factor affecting the response variability in fish (Fjelldal et al., ; Boglione et al., ,b). Genetic variations have already been linked with feed utilization (Thodesen et al., , ; Henryon et al., ), mineral absorption (Thodesen et al., ) or spinal deformities occurrences (McKay and Gjerde, ; Gjerde et al., ; Kolstad et al., ; Gislason et al., ). In an applied context, further studies focusing on genetic variation related to plasticity of response to P deprivation might be highly relevant to help reduce P output and ensure animal welfare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of P in bone (and resulting bone condition such as strength, mineralization or deformities) are tightly balanced by cellular processes such as bone apposition (osteoblasts) and bone resorption either diffuse (halastasy) or control by osteoclast and osteocyte (in cellular bone fish such as salmonids) cells (Kacem and Meunier, ; Witten and Huysseune, ). These processes are impacted by various factors such as rearing or environmental conditions (Takle et al., ; Deschamps and Sire, ; Ytteborg et al., ; Grini et al., ), genetics (McKay and Gjerde, ; Gjerde et al., ; Kolstad et al., ), life stage/fish size (Baeverfjord et al., ; Lellis et al., ) or nutrient deficiency (Cahu et al., ; Lall and Lewis‐McCrea, ). The factors affecting bone tissue mineralization and the processes involved in bone formation and resorption/remodeling in larva and juvenile fish have been recently reviewed (Boglione et al., ,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of different body compartments to acute dietary phosphorus deficiency in juvenile triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss , Walbaum)

et al. 2014

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SummaryRainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an important production species as well as one of the most studied fish models, particularly regarding nutritional physiology. Due to negative environmental impacts linked with rainbow trout farm effluents, significant restrictions have been established in numerous regions to reduce dietary phosphorus (P) outputs. However, questions have arisen regarding the link between abnormal skeletal development and mineralization and insufficient dietary P availability during rapid fish growth (juvenile fish). Despite significant work to understand the dynamics of P-deficiency and the resulting impact on tissue mineralization, the extent of the early responses in rainbow trout fed low-P diets is not well described. The aim of this study was to explore the early-responses of scales, vertebrae and carcass P and ash in rainbow trout fed low-P vs sufficient-P controls. Two practical diets (sufficient: 0.45% available P and deficient: 0.29% available P) were fed over a 5-week period to triploid rainbow trout (initial mass 60.8 AE 1.6 g). Ash and P contents were used to assess mineral status of the different tissues. The relative loss of mineral and coefficient of variation were also calculated to compare the relative response and the inter-individual variability. After 4 weeks of P deprivation, no detectable effects were observed on growth performance, mortality or feed intake. However, as early as the second week onward, ash and P levels in scales and carcasses were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in fish fed a P-deficient diet compared to those fed a P-sufficient diet. At week 4, the reduction in mineralization reached 19.3 and 18.4% for P and ash contents in scales, respectively. By the same week, P and ash contents in carcasses reached 15.1 and 12.8%, respectively. Interestingly, the absence of significant mineral loss in vertebrae did not prevent the emergence of a high incidence of vertebral deformities in P-deficient fish (45.6 AE 11.0%) when compared to P-sufficient fish (1.5 AE 2.1%). The main vertebral deformities observed in Pdeficient trout were specific to impede bone matrix mineralization such as pronounced biconcave (35.5%) and undersized and widely spaced vertebral bodies (9.3%). For the scales compartment (ash and P status) and mineral parameter, the coefficients of variation showed a higher inter-individual variability in P-deficient vs P-sufficient fish, while no such effect was observed in carcass or vertebrae compartment. This study provides a useful comparison of various commonly-used indicators of bone mineral status as well as an approach to assess variability of fish response under low-dietary P level.

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Genetic variation and genotype by location interaction in body weight, spinal deformity and sexual maturity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) reared at different locations off Norway

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

Heritability of cortisol response to confinement stress in European sea bass dicentrarchus labrax

Heritability of cortisol response to confinement stress in European sea bass dicentrarchus labrax

Effects of Genotype by Environment Interaction on Genetic Gain and Genetic Parameter Estimates in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)

Responses of different body compartments to acute dietary phosphorus deficiency in juvenile triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss , Walbaum)

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