Genetic variation and population dynamics of the cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi in wheat areas of Bolu, Turkey

Abstract

The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter, was detected in Turkey in 1996 and since then it has been increasingly reported to cause losses in wheat yields. Cereal cyst nematode populations have a wide genetic diversity which makes it difficult to be managed. The objectives of this research were to investigate the genetic variation of 23 cyst nematode populations collected from wheat growing areas of Bolu Province, utilising sequenced ITS-rDNA regions, and monitoring main nematode isolate population dynamics in field conditions. The results of ribosomal DNA sequencing revealed that all cyst populations were H. filipjevi and that little genetic variation was present among populations. The highest number of second-stage juveniles was observed between April and beginning of May in a field experiment; white females were visible on the roots in late May. The hatching process was positively correlated with low temperatures, but there were inverse correlations between reproductive factors and initial nematode population densities.

Resistance and tolerance reactions of winter wheat lines to Heterodera filipjevi in Turkey

“…The current study reports the first quantifiable and comprehensive evidence of the host status of different winter wheat accessions under H. filipjevi infested fields in the provinces of Yozgat and Eskisehir in Turkey. The results of this study indicate that H. filipjevi is considered an important factor which causes severe damage to different wheat cultivars and has potential to decrease growth and yield of wheat in Turkey (Dababat et al, 2015;Toktay et al, 2015;Imren et al, 2016Imren et al, , 2017Yıldız et al, 2017). The resistance/tolerance reactions of the 31 winter wheat lines evaluated in this study were identified with a range of responses, from resistant to susceptible and tolerant to intolerant to H. filipjevi.…”

The cyst nematode Heteroderalatipons Franklin, 1969 (Nemata: Heteroderidae): hatching behavior and development on wheat in arid and semiarid regions in Turkey

“…Likewise, in Cyprus the number of J2 of H. latipons peaked from November to February (Philis, 1999), and in a Syrian population eggs hatched from December to late March with peak densities in January and February (Scholz and Sikora, 2004). In Iran, J2 of H. latipons showed their highest density in mid-January (Hajihasani et al, 2011), and J2 of H. filipjevi were recorded at their highest numbers in March and early April in Turkey (Sahin et al, 2008;Imren et al, 2017); they occurred from November to March and peaked after late December and into mid-January in Iran (Hajihasani et al, 2010). The J2 of H. avenae reached their highest number in April when the mean soil temperature was between 11.8 °C and 14.4 °C in winter-wheat areas in China (Wu et al, 2014).…”

“…White females of H. filipjevi were seen on roots in early May and later mature cysts appeared in Ankara Province in Turkey (Sahin et al, 2008). Immature females of H. filipjevi were determined on roots in May, and female numbers increased once soil temperatures reached 14.1 °C in June in Bolu Province, Turkey (Imren et al, 2017). Immature females of H. avenae type B were observed on spring wheat in late January, but the highest female population was found from mid-April to mid-June when soil temperatures reached 15.8 °C and 16 °C under rain-fed conditions in Iran (Ahmadi and Tanha-Maafi, 2010).…”

DNA barcoding, phylogeny and phylogeography of the cyst nematode species of the Avenae group from the genus Heterodera (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)

“…Alignments with the ITS rRNA and COI gene sequences were created using ClustalX 1.83 (Chenna et al, 2003) with default parameters. New sequences were aligned with corresponding published gene sequences (Subbotin et al, 2001(Subbotin et al, , 2003Tanha Maafi et al, 2003;Madani et al, 2004;Ou et al, 2008;Fu et al, 2011;Imren et al, 2012Imren et al, , 2015Imren et al, , 2017Liu et al, 2012;Toumi et al, 2013b;Wang et al, 2013;Baklawa et al, 2015;Subbotin, 2015;Tirchi et al, 2016;Cui et al, 2017;Mokrini et al, 2017, and others). Several alignments were created: i) ITS rRNA gene alignment containing only reference sequences of each Avenae group species; ii) ITS rRNA Subbotin et al (1999Subbotin et al ( , 2001Subbotin et al ( , 2003 H. arenaria -Subbotin et al (2002 H. australis Cereals 607 Haus1 MG523102 AY148394 Subbotin et al (2002Subbotin et al ( , 2003 H. australis Australia, Victoria Cereals CD1284 Haus1 MG523100 AY148393 Subbotin et al (2002Subbotin et al ( , 2003 H. avenae Subbotin et al (1999Subbotin et al ( , 2003 H. avenae MG523092-MG523094 AY148407 Subbotin et al (1999Subbotin et al ( , 2003 Heterodera sp.…”