Genetic variation in natural populations of Austrocedrus chilensis, a cypress of the Andean-Patagonian Forest

Pastorino, Mario J.; Gallo, Leonardo; Hattemer, H. H.

doi:10.1016/j.bse.2004.03.002

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Despite of the wide geographic distribution of A. chilensis, there are no large genetic differences among different provenances, not even between those with very different phenotypes nor between those exposed to opposite environments [16]. Accordingly, no differences were found in stomatal and photosynthetic response to drought between populations of A. chilensis from humid and xeric places [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leaf and whole-plant water relations of the Patagonian conifer Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Ser. et Bizzarri: implications on its drought resistance capacity

et al. 2005

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-Physiological studies have suggested that A. chilensis would survive during drought avoiding water stress through an early stomatal closure. However, there are no studies that have explored other potential mechanisms related to drought resistance or avoidance. The objectives were: (1) to measure hydraulic resistance, vulnerability to cavitation and leaf water relations, and (2) to compare these characteristics between different provenances. Pressure-volume curves demonstrate that A. chilensis has high osmotic potentials at full turgor, high water potentials at turgor loss point, low modulus of elasticity, and did not present elastic or osmotic adjustments after drought. Compared to other gymnosperms, A. chilensis has a high total plant resistance but also a high vulnerability to cavitation. We found no differences between the studied provenances in these variables. Our results confirm that A. chilensis is a drought-avoidance species, and suggest that phenotypic morphological differentiation between populations allows the species to survive throughout its broad distribution.pressure-volume curves / xylem cavitation / stomatal conductance / drought avoidance / water stress Résumé -Relations hydriques au niveau de la feuille et du plant chez un conifère de Patagonie Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Ser. et Bizzarri: implications pour sa capacité à résister à la sécheresse. Des études physiologiques suggèrent que l'Austrocedrus chilensis peut survivre aux périodes de sécheresse évitant le stress hydrique grâce à une fermeture stomatique précoce. Cependant, il n'y a pas d'étude qui eut exploré d'autres mécanismes potentiels liés à la résistance ou à l'évitement de la sécheresse. Les objectifs de ce travail ont été : (1) mesurer la résistance hydraulique, la vulnérabilité à la cavitation et les relations hydriques des feuilles et (2) comparer ces caractéristiques avec celles des populations de différentes provenances. Les courbes pression-volume ont démontré que l'Austrocedrus chilensis possède un potentiel osmotique élevé à pleine turgescence, un potentiel hydrique au point de perte de turgescence, un module d'élasticité bas et qu'il ne présente pas de réglage élastique ou osmotique après la sécheresse. En comparaison avec d'autres gymnospermes, l'Austrocedrus chilensis a une résistance totale élevée mais aussi une importantee vulnérabilité à la cavitation. Nous n'avons pas trouvé de différences significatives entre les provenances étudiées dans ces variables. Nos résultats confirment que l'Austrocedrus chilensis est une espèce qui évite la sécheresse, et ils suggèrent que les changements phénotypiques entre populations permettent à cette espèce de survivre dans sa vaste distribution. courbes pression-volume / cavitation du xylème / conductance stomatique / évitement de la sécheresse / tension hydrique

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on measured stomatal behavior [8], one of our hypotheses was that A. chilensis possess characteristics of water saver species. And based on genetic knowledge of the species [16] we also hypothesized that these characteristics do not differ between provenances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf and whole-plant water relations of the Patagonian conifer Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Ser. et Bizzarri: implications on its drought resistance capacity

et al. 2005

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“…These rocky outcrops are cited as shelters for plants and animals by many authors (Ward and Anderson, 1998;Douglas et al, 2000;Galende and Raffaele, 2007;Speziale, 2010). In the site under study, the area in which the high transect of the shrublands is located was called "Rocky/sheltered" by Anchorena and Cingolani (2002); besides, it is the habitat for isolated groups of dispersed individuals of Austrocedrus chilensis, often multi-stemmed (Pastorino et al, 2004) and scattered shrubs. The results obtained in this study could indicate that these zones can be considered as good shelters for F. imbricata when threatened by fire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial dynamics of <I>Fabiana imbricata</I> shrublands in northwestern Patagonia in relation to natural fires

Oddi

Dudinszky

Ghermandi

2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract.Fire is a critical disturbance in the structuring and functioning of most Mediterranean ecosystems. In northwestern Patagonia, vegetation patterns are strongly influenced by fire and environmental heterogeneity. Dendroecology, together with satellite imagery and GIS, have been demonstrated to be useful tools in studies that relate to fire effects with patches, patterns and species dynamics at landscape scale. Such studies can be approached from landscape ecology, which has evolved in the last years supported by the development of remote sensing and GIS technologies. This study evaluates the spatial dynamic of F. imbricata in response to fire using remote sensing, GIS and dendrochronology techniques, at landscape scale. Two sites were evaluated and one of them was affected by fire in the year 1999. The digital processing images (using the NBR spectral index) and the dendroecological analysis verified this. A fire, occurring in 1978, was also detected by the analysis of F. imbricata growth rings. The relation between F. imbricata shrubland dynamics and spatial configuration with fire, land topography and hydrography was established in the study area.

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“…This extremely abrupt gradient determines the occurrence of drastic changes in vegetation in distances not larger than 100 km, being five A. chilensis forest types recognized . The most xeric populations (extrememarginal forest type), consisting of small isolated patches located into the patagonian steppe, were found to be the most genetically diverse (Pastorino 2001. Despite the evolutionary and adaptive relevance of these xeric extreme-marginal populations, they still lack of any national or international legal protection policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetative propagation of patagonian cypress, a vulnerable species from the subantarctic forest of South America

et al. 2009

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SUMMARYIncreasing risks of loosing forest genetic resources and the need for a sustainable quality wood supply make focusing research efforts on undomesticated tree species necessary. The study of their genetic variation in vegetative propagation ability and the development of practical methodologies to obtain genetic copies are essential tools for conservation and breeding programs. patagonian cypress Austrocedrus chilensis is a vulnerable conifer native to the subantarctic forest of South America, with high ecological importance and economical potential. Its genetic diversity, mostly sheltered within unprotected populations, is seriously threatened. This work examined the ability of different genotypes of A. chilensis from xeric, mesic and humid populations to propagate asexually by stem rooting and scion grafting. The influence of exogenous auxins, season of cutting collection, ontogenetic stage of the donor plants, grafting season, and type of scions, was analyzed. Stem rooting ability was found to be poor both for adult (average = 0.27%) and juvenile ortets (average = 2.10%). Only one treatment, a juvenile progeny from a xeric provenance, showed remarkable results with 33.33% of rooting capacity. Grafting showed good results in early spring experiment using vigorous semi-hardwood scions, with an average of 80.95% of successful grafts. Compatibility between genotypes from different provenances used as scion and rootstock was found to be wide. These results indicate that although A. chilensis is a difficult-to-root species, its vegetative propagation by means of scion grafting is feasible using low cost technology.Key words: Austrocedrus, Cupressaceae, stem rooting, scion grafting. RESUMENLos crecientes riesgos de pérdida de recursos genéticos forestales y la necesidad de una producción sostenible de madera de calidad hacen necesario orientar la investigación hacia especies arbóreas nativas no domesticadas. Para rescatar la diversidad genética amenazada y como una importante herramienta para el mejoramiento genético, resulta necesario estudiar la capacidad de las especies para propagarse vegetativamente, así como desarrollar técnicas para obtener copias genéticas. El ciprés de la cordillera (Austrocedrus chilensis) es una conífera vulnerable del bosque subantártico de Sudamérica, de gran importancia ecológica y potencial económico. Su diversidad genética se encuentra seriamente amenazada. En este trabajo se examinó la capacidad de diferentes genotipos de poblaciones xéricas, mésicas y húmedas de A. chilensis, para propagarse asexualmente por enraizado de estacas y por injertos. Se analizó además la influencia de auxinas exógenas, de la estación de colecta, del estadio ontogénico de las plantas donantes, de la estación de injerto y del tipo de púa. La capacidad de enraizado fue muy pobre, tanto para ortets adultos (promedio = 0,27%) como para juveniles (promedio = 2,10%). Sólo una progenie juvenil de procedencia xérica mostró resultados remarcables, con 33% de enraizado. Los injertos mostraron buenos resultado...

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Genetic variation in natural populations of Austrocedrus chilensis, a cypress of the Andean-Patagonian Forest

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Leaf and whole-plant water relations of the Patagonian conifer Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Ser. et Bizzarri: implications on its drought resistance capacity

Leaf and whole-plant water relations of the Patagonian conifer Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Ser. et Bizzarri: implications on its drought resistance capacity

Spatial dynamics of <I>Fabiana imbricata</I> shrublands in northwestern Patagonia in relation to natural fires

Vegetative propagation of patagonian cypress, a vulnerable species from the subantarctic forest of South America

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Genetic variation in natural populations of Austrocedrus chilensis, a cypress of the Andean-Patagonian Forest

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Leaf and whole-plant water relations of the Patagonian conifer Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Ser. et Bizzarri: implications on its drought resistance capacity

Leaf and whole-plant water relations of the Patagonian conifer Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Ser. et Bizzarri: implications on its drought resistance capacity

Spatial dynamics of &lt;I&gt;Fabiana imbricata&lt;/I&gt; shrublands in northwestern Patagonia in relation to natural fires

Vegetative propagation of patagonian cypress, a vulnerable species from the subantarctic forest of South America

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Spatial dynamics of <I>Fabiana imbricata</I> shrublands in northwestern Patagonia in relation to natural fires