Genetic variation in oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) by agro-morphological traits and simple sequence repeat markers

Abstract

-The objectives of this study were to assess genetic diversity and determine differences between several oriental tobacco genotypes by examining both agro-morphological traits and molecular markers. Simple lattice design with two replications was used to evaluate 100 oriental tobacco genotypes. Analysis of variance manifested that there is high level of genetic diversity in oriental-type tobaccos based on morphological traits including number of leaf, days to 50% flowering, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, stem height and stem girth. Classification of genotypes using agro-morphological data by means of un-weighted pair-group method using arithmetic average (UPGMA) algorithm based on squared standardized Euclidean distances resulted four distinguishable groups that pursuit own geographical distribution. In the molecular marker investigations, a total of 13 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer pairs were used to determine polymorphism of the test germplasm. Thirty five alleles were scored at 13 SSR loci. The average number of alleles per locus (na) and the effective allele number (Ae) were 2.69 and 2.34, respectively. By using SSR data, pair wise Jaccard's similarity coefficients were produced. Grouping of genotypes via Jaccard's similarity coefficients and using UPGMA clustering method lead to three groups that had not any accommodated with own origins. Results reveled that there is not completely agreement for classification based on agro-morphological and SSR loci in oriental-type tobaccos. Because of non influence of environmental effects on molecular marker, heterotic groups based on SSR markers could be closer to reality.Key words: Cluster analysis. Euclidean distance. Genetic diversity. Jaccard's similarity. Oriental tobacco.RESUMO -Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a diversidade genética e determinar as diferenças entre diversos genótipos de tabaco oriental através tratos morfológicos e marcadores moleculares. O delineamento utilizado foi o látice simples com duas repetições e foram avaliados 100 genótipos de tabaco simples. As análises de variância mostarram que há pouca alto nível de diversidade genética nos tabacos to tipo oriental baseado nos tratamentos morfológicos incluindo número de folhas, dias para os 50% do florescimento, comprimento da folha, largura da folha, peso fresco da folha, peso seco da folha e maior comprimento e espessura do caule. A classificação dos genótipos usando o método de dados morfológicos por médias de grupos pareados não ponderados usando média aritmética (UPGMA) algoritmo baseado nas distâncias Euclidianas quadradas padronizadas resultou quatro grupos distintos de acordo co a própria distribuição geográfica. Nas investigações dos marcadores moleculares, um total de 13 repetições de sequências simples (RSS) de iniciadores pares foram utilizados para determinar o polimorfismo do germoplasma de teste. Trinta e cinco alelos foram marcados em 13 locos RSS. O numero médio de alelos por loco (na) e o número de alelo efetivo (Ae) forma 2,...

Impacts of Environmental Variations on Quality and Chemical Contents of Oriental Tobacco

“…Oriental tobaccos have a different flavor, lower nicotine levels compared to commercial flue-cured Virginia and aircured Burley tobaccos and compared to Burley and bright tobaccos they also have lower tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSNA) levels. Therefore they are generally used in American blend type cigarettes by blending them with Virginia and Burley tobaccos (43). Precipitation and high humidity, especially during the harvest period, can delay maturation and leach down the resin and nicotine substances on the surface of the leaves.…”

Determining the genetic and agronomic variations in lines from Samsun tobacco growing areas

“…In 25 SSR loci, 135 flue-cured Virginia tobaccos had a total of 85 alleles (3.40 alleles per marker) (Ganesh et al, 2014). Darvishzadeh et al (2013) found two or three alleles per marker (mean: 2.69) in 100 tobacco genotypes, half of which originated from Iran. The results of the present study were in accordance with those of Darvishzadeh et al (2013) dealing with only one type of tobacco from a single region.…”

“…Tobaccos from the region are known by a variety of names in the literature. Among them are Samsun SM-1 (Aleksoska et al, 2014), Samsum (Bindler et al, 2007) Samsum Maden, TI 981 Samsun, Turkish Samsun (Fricano et al, 2012), Samsun (Tong et al, 2012), Samsun katenizi (Darvishzadeh et al, 2013), Samsun 959 and Samsun dere (Darvishzadeh et al, 2014). This variation results in a mixture of genotypes in the production area with different quality characteristics, thereby compromising the fine quality of Samsun oriental tobacco.…”

Caracterização botânica-agronômica e do óleo essencial de acessos de manjericão

“…Diversos outros trabalhos sobre divergência genética com base em características botânico-agronômicas foram realizados, demonstrando o seu potencial para estudar a divergência genética em diferentes espécies de plantas medicinais (CASTRO et al, 2005;MARIOT et al, 2009;CASTRO et al, 2011;BOLINA et al, 2013;DARVISHZADEH et al, 2013;MEZETTE et al, 2013).…”