Genetic variation in satiety signaling and hypothalamic inflammation: merging fields for the study of obesity

Szalanczy, Alexandria M; Key, Chia-Chi Chuang; Woods, Leah C. Solberg

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108928

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Local factors such as compromised blood supply and nerve damage, alongside the metabolic alterations associated with diabetes, further elevate the risk of SSIs. The literature supports the notion that preoperative glycemic control, especially maintaining HbA1c levels below 7%, is crucial in reducing infectious complications across a range of surgical interventions (6,31,39). Advancements in surgical techniques, notably the shift towards minimally invasive procedures, have contributed to a decline in SSI rates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The aftermath of postoperative infectious complications results in poorer overall outcomes and elevated healthcare costs, especially pronounced in patients with diabetes due to their increased infection risk and the severity of infectious outcomes. Hyperglycemia plays a pivotal role in the development of postoperative infections, and strategies aimed at reducing postoperative morbidity through stringent glycemic control have proven effective in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients (28)(29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes and Risk of Surgical Site Infection: A Narrative Review

Arshad,

Rasul,

Batool

et al. 2024

JHRR

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) significantly elevates the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), a major postoperative complication that increases morbidity, prolongs hospital stay, and escalates healthcare costs. The complex interplay between hyperglycemia-induced immunosuppression, impaired wound healing, and the increased propensity for infections in diabetic patients underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms at play and effective management strategies. Objective: This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between DM and the risk of SSIs, emphasizing the pathophysiological mechanisms, the impact of glycemic control on surgical outcomes, and the role of advanced surgical techniques in mitigating this risk. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published up to April 2023, using keywords related to DM, SSIs, and perioperative management. Inclusion criteria targeted studies on the association between DM and SSIs, focusing on outcomes in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients, and the effectiveness of glycemic control. Data extraction and synthesis were performed using a narrative approach, with quality assessment based on study design-specific appraisal tools. Results: The review highlights that diabetic patients exhibit a significantly higher risk of developing SSIs compared to non-diabetic individuals, attributed to impaired immune response, microvascular complications, and delayed wound healing associated with hyperglycemia. Effective preoperative and postoperative glycemic control, maintaining hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels below 7%, has been shown to reduce the incidence of SSIs. Furthermore, advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques have contributed to lower SSI rates by reducing tissue trauma and preserving immune function. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for surgical site infections, underscoring the importance of stringent glycemic control and the adoption of advanced surgical techniques in the perioperative management of diabetic patients. Future research should focus on refining glycemic control strategies, understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying increased SSI risk, and developing targeted therapies to improve surgical outcomes in this high-risk population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Risk of Surgical Site Infection: A Narrative Review

Arshad,

Rasul,

Batool

et al. 2024

JHRR

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“…If a high-fat diet depends on environmental and individual behaviour, it should be emphasized that not all individuals respond to this diet in the same way. Genetics likely plays an important role in determining the magnitude of the inflammatory response to environmental stimuli, although this aspect is not yet well-understood [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Energy Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

ANMCO (Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists) scientific statement: obesity in adults—an approach for cardiologists

Di Fusco,

Mocini,

Gulizia

et al. 2024

Eat Weight Disord

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Obesity is a complex, chronic disease requiring a multidisciplinary approach to its management. In clinical practice, body mass index and waist-related measurements can be used for obesity screening. The estimated prevalence of obesity among adults worldwide is 12%. With the expected further increase in overall obesity prevalence, clinicians will increasingly be managing patients with obesity. Energy balance is regulated by a complex neurohumoral system that involves the central nervous system and circulating mediators, among which leptin is the most studied. The functioning of these systems is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Obesity generally occurs when a genetically predisposed individual lives in an obesogenic environment for a long period. Cardiologists are deeply involved in evaluating patients with obesity. Cardiovascular risk profile is one of the most important items to be quantified to understand the health risk due to obesity and the clinical benefit that a single patient can obtain with weight loss. At the individual level, appropriate patient involvement, the detection of potential obesity causes, and a multidisciplinary approach are tools that can improve clinical outcomes. In the near future, we will probably have new pharmacological tools at our disposal that will facilitate achieving and maintaining weight loss. However, pharmacological treatment alone cannot cure such a complex disease. The aim of this paper is to summarize some key points of this field, such as obesity definition and measurement tools, its epidemiology, the main mechanisms underlying energy homeostasis, health consequences of obesity with a focus on cardiovascular diseases and the obesity paradox.Level of evidence V: report of expert committees.

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“…According to recent studies, roughly 7% of the general population as well as obese persons accounting for more than 10% of the population had a coding variation in MC4R. About 20% of single-nucleotide variants in the MC4R gene have been projected to be pathogenic or likely pathogenic, emphasizing MC4R's prevalence in monogenic obesity ( 107 ).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Satietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle

Rakha

Mehak²,

Shabbir³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today's lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.

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Genetic variation in satiety signaling and hypothalamic inflammation: merging fields for the study of obesity

Cited by 8 publications

References 221 publications

Diabetes and Risk of Surgical Site Infection: A Narrative Review

Diabetes and Risk of Surgical Site Infection: A Narrative Review

ANMCO (Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists) scientific statement: obesity in adults—an approach for cardiologists

Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle

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