Genetic variation in the chemokine receptor 5 gene and course of HIV infection; review on genetics and immunological aspect

Verma, Mahendra Kumar; Shakya, Shilpy

doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2020.04.007

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The CCR5Δ32 allele has not been the only polymorphism of CCR5 described to influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Polymorphisms in the regulatory, promoter, and coding regions of CCR5 influence transcription factor binding and levels of expression and have been shown to affect the risk of acquiring HIV-1 and the rate of disease progression to AIDS ( 57 – 59 ). These have been grouped into major human haplogroups (HH) based on the combination of cis-regulatory regions A29G, G208T, G303A, T627C, C630T, A676G, and C927T: A, B, C, D, E, F1, F2, G1, and G2 ( 57 , 60 ).…”

Section: Expression and Function Of The Ccr5 Receptor On White Blood Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy

et al. 2022

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Globally, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a major health burden for which successful therapeutic options are still being investigated. Challenges facing current drugs that are part of the established life-long antiretroviral therapy (ART) include toxicity, development of drug resistant HIV-1 strains, the cost of treatment, and the inability to eradicate the provirus from infected cells. For these reasons, novel anti-HIV-1 therapeutics that can prevent or eliminate disease progression including the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are needed. While development of HIV-1 vaccination has also been challenging, recent advancements demonstrate that infection of HIV-1-susceptible cells can be prevented in individuals living with HIV-1, by targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). CCR5 serves many functions in the human immune response and is a co-receptor utilized by HIV-1 for entry into immune cells. Therapeutics targeting CCR5 generally involve gene editing techniques including CRISPR, CCR5 blockade using antibodies or antagonists, or combinations of both. Here we review the efficacy of these approaches and discuss the potential of their use in the clinic as novel ART-independent therapies for HIV-1 infection.

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Section: Expression and Function Of The Ccr5 Receptor On White Blood Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy

et al. 2022

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“…It is believed that viruses effectively alter the host immune system and regulate selective expression of gene/s useful for viral infection and suppression of the host immune system. 26 …”

Section: Global Spread and Pandemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and COVID19 disease; a systemic review on the global pandemic

Alrohaimi

2020

Genes & Diseases

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, several viral outbreaks have threatened humankind and posed a new challenge to the modern healthcare system. The recent outbreak in Wuhan (December 2019), China, represents a beta coronavirus classified as novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Novel SARS-CoV-2 represents a significant similarity with previous coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV in 2002, China and MERS-CoV in 2015, Middle East. However, preliminary research investigations have shown the novel SARS-CoV-2 evolved with several mutations and developed the capacity to cross the species, i.e., animal to human. The initial findings have shown that spike proteins are vital molecules target hACE2 receptor for its attachment and entry into cells. After successful entry virus primarily focuses on respiratory airway cell lines and triggers a massive immune response leading to mucus generation. In severe conditions, the virus is capable of forcing viral pneumonia leading to the collapse of the respiratory system, i.e., COVID19. So far, there is a lack of immunity against the virus in humans. At the same in the absence of therapeutic interventions, many countries experienced high mortality, such as the United States, European countries, i.e., Italy, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom. The vaccine development is underway and experiencing challenges, as many reports demonstrated genetic variations in viral genome and proteins as well. The present study provides a complete comprehensive overview of the novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, human transmission, and global spread.

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“…Both, vaccines and therapeutics are under trials worldwide to prevent and treatment of COVID 19 (Choudhary et al 2020 ). There are growing evidences suggesting viral infections often modulate host defense via immune regulation (Verma and Shakya 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Silico Drug Designing of Spike Receptor with Its ACE2 Receptor and Nsp10/Nsp16 MTase Complex Against SARS-CoV-2

Siddiqa

Rao

et al. 2021

Int J Pept Res Ther

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The realm Riboviria constitutes Coronaviruses, which led to the emergence of the pandemic COVID 19 in the twenty-first century affected millions of lives. At present, the management of COVID 19 largely depends on antiviral therapeutics along with the anti-inflammatory drug. The vaccine is under the final clinical phase, and emergency use is available. We aim at ACE2 and Nsp10/Nsp16 MTase as potential drug candidate in COVID 19 management in the present work. For drug designing, various computational simulation strategies have been employed like Swiss-Model, Hawk Dock, HDOCK, py Dock, and PockDrug for homology modeling, binding energies of the molecule with a target, simulate the conformation and binding poses, statistics of protein lock with target key and drug ability, respectively. The current in-silico screening depicts that the spike protein receptor is complementary to the target when bound to each other and forms a stable complex. The MMGBSA free energy binding property of receptor and ligand is critical. The intermolecular Statistics with the target Nsp10/Nsp16 MTase complex are plausible. We have also observed a high-affinity pocket binding site with the target. Therefore, the favorable intermolecular interactions and Physico-chemical properties emanate as a drug candidate treating COVID-19. This study has approached computational tools to analyze the conformation, binding affinity, and drug ability of receptor-ligand. Thus, the spike receptor with its ACE2 receptor with Nsp10/Nsp16 MTase complex would be a potent drug against SARS CoV-2 and can cure the infection as per consensus scoring.

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Genetic variation in the chemokine receptor 5 gene and course of HIV infection; review on genetics and immunological aspect

Cited by 5 publications

References 77 publications

Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy

Targeting CCR5 as a Component of an HIV-1 Therapeutic Strategy

Novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and COVID19 disease; a systemic review on the global pandemic

In-Silico Drug Designing of Spike Receptor with Its ACE2 Receptor and Nsp10/Nsp16 MTase Complex Against SARS-CoV-2

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