Genetic Variation of Echinococcus canadensis (G7) in Mexico

Abstract

Abstract. We evaluated the genetic variation of Echinococcus G7 strain in larval and adult stages using a fragment of the mitochondrial cox1 gen. Viscera of pigs, bovines, and sheep and fecal samples of dogs were inspected for cystic and canine echinococcosis, respectively; only pigs had hydatid cysts. Bayesian inferences grouped the sequences in an E. canadensis G7 cluster, suggesting that, in Mexico, this strain might be mainly present. Additionally, the population genetic and network analysis showed that E. canadensis in Mexico is very diverse and has probably been introduced several times from different sources. Finally, a scarce genetic differentiation between G6 (camel strain) and G7 (pig strain) populations was identified.Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) includes species that cause cystic echinococcosis (CE), one of the most important and widespread parasitic zoonoses. Recent phylogenetic studies based on both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes show that E. granulosus s.l. consists of at least four valid species: E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.; genotypes G1-G3), E. equinus (G4), E. ortleppi (G5), and E. canadensis (G6-G10). Genotypes G6/G7 are closely related and referred to as camel and pig strains, respectively.

Cystic echinococcosis: Future perspectives of molecular epidemiology

“…3. Global distribution of the genotypes of Echinococcus canadensis and Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, based on molecular identification including areas of confirmed sympatry for E. ortleppi (Alam-Eldin et al, 2015;Alvarez Rojas et al, 2014;Cardona and Carmena, 2013;Carmera and Cardona, 2014;Casulli et al, 2010;Dybicz et al, 2013Dybicz et al, , 2015Farhadi et al, 2015;Guarnera et al, 2004;Hailemariam et al, 2012;Hüttner et al, 2009;Ito et al, 2013Ito et al, , 2014Jabbar et al, 2011;Jenkins et al, 2011Jenkins et al, , 2013Kędra et al, 1999Kędra et al, , 2000Konyaev et al, 2013;Lavikainen, 2005;Lavikainen et al, 2003Lavikainen et al, , 2006Lymbery et al, 2015;Mbaya et al, 2014;Mogoye et al, 2013;Moks et al, 2006;Monteiro et al, 2014;Moro et al, 2009;Nakao et al, 2007Nakao et al, , 2013bNakao et al, , 2015Oksanen and Lavikainen, 2015;Omer et al, 2010;Oudni-M'rad et al, 2016;Rinaldi et al, 2014;Rodriguez-Prado et al, 2014;Romig et al, 2015;Saarma et al, 2009;Schneider et al, 2010;Schurer et al, 2013Schurer et al, , 2014…”

Global Distribution of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis

“…However, such prevention programs could become cost-saving in areas of localized outbreaks or in high-risk communities. s0255 3.1.4 Mexico p0765 Host assemblages and transmission: In Mexico, CE is predominantly maintained by the swineedog assemblage (E. intermedius, G7) (Cruz- Rodriguez-Prado et al, 2014;Villalobos et al, 2007). Echinococcus oligarthra has been found in a bobcat (Salinas-L opez et al, 1996).…”

Cases ofEchinococcus granulosusSensu Stricto Isolated from Polish Patients: Imported or Indigenous?

“…Transmission of E. canadensis G7 is considered to be restricted to certain areas in central, southern, and eastern Europe, Spain, Poland, Lithuania, the Slovak Republic, Ukraine, Romania, and Italy [ 12 – 16 , 26 – 30 ], where the most common intermediate host is the pig. Recently, E. canadensis G7 has also been identified in pigs from Mexico and Brazil [ 31 – 33 ]. It has often been assumed that Echinococcus strains isolated from pigs of European origin are a separate strain and have low infectivity for humans and domestic ungulates [ 34 ].…”