Genetical Methods of Pest Control

Whitten, M. J.; Foster, G. G.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.20.010175.002333

Cited by 77 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To be effective, however, sterile males must be released repeatedly in sufficiently large numbers to swamp the reproduction of fertile males. The method was used to control screwworm flies in the Southwestern US (Whitten and Foster, 1975). However, other factors contributed to the success in eliminating screwworms besides the release of millions of sterile males (Baumhover, 2002): Female screwworms mate only once, thus females mating with sterile males cannot produce young by mating again with fertile males.…”

Section: Use Of Ge Organisms For Biocontrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of environmental risk of genetically engineered (GE) organisms and their potential to control exotic invasive species

Muir

Howard

2004

Aquat. Sci.

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Genetically engineered (GE) organisms could result in ecological harm in many ways in natural environments. Ecological harm can be assessed based on standard principles of risk assessment. Risk is the probability of harm as a result of a hazard, which in this case is a GE organism; its harm may not be known or knowable a priori, however, due to the large number of biotic interactions in nature in which it could be involved. We contend that for a GE organism to be a risk, it must be able to spread in nature. Thus, we do not have to determine all, or any, possible harms; we only need to be certain the organism will not spread if it escapes. Predicting the potential of a GE organism to spread is possible because the ultimate fate of a transgene will be determined by natural Aquatic Sciencesselection. Thus, environmental risk assessment can be accomplished by measuring six net fitness components that are common to all organisms, transgenic or wild type: juvenile and adult viability, fecundity, fertility, age at sexual maturity, and mating success. These components can be measured in secure settings. Previously, we focused on the environmental risk posed by GE organisms created to enhance agricultural productivity. Here we review the potential of using GE biotechnology for biological control of an existing undesirable exotic species. GE biological control might be employed to induce a 'Trojan gene effect' (Muir and Howard, 1999; 2002a,b) to eliminate such species, by introducing genes which cause male-biased sex ratios, inducible fatality, or selfish gene effects.

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Section: Use Of Ge Organisms For Biocontrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of environmental risk of genetically engineered (GE) organisms and their potential to control exotic invasive species

Muir

Howard

2004

Aquat. Sci.

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“…The use of autocidal control techniques affords opportunities for the manipulation of a pest that are not available with conventional control methods (Davidson 1974;Pal and Whitten 1974;Whitten and Foster 1975;Whitten 1979). However, it also presents many potential operational difficulties (Pal and La Chance 1974;Foster et al 1975) that can only be minimized if the population biology of the target species is effectively defined McKenzie 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dieldrin and Diazinon Resistance in Populations of the Australian Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, from Sheep-grazing Areas and Rubbish Tips

McKenzie¹

1984

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Populations of L. cuprina collected from adjacent sheep-grazing areas and rubbish tips in Victoria (Mansfield and Warrnambool) and New South Wales (Lismore) were tested for resistance to the insecticides diazinon and dieldrin. Populations from sheep-grazing areas had a significantly higher diazinon Rop-l allele frequency than those from adjacent tips with the Victorian populations being more resistant than those from Lismore. Victorian sheep and tip populations had similar gene frequencies at the dieldrin resistance locus, but the Rdl allele frequency was significantly greater in the population at the tip than in the population from the sheep-grazing area at Lismore. The Rdl allele is at a higher frequency in flies from the Lismore area than in Victorian populations. The results at both loci are explained by a balance of selection and gene flow between sheep and tip populations and by selective differences between geographical areas.The exceptionally high frequency of the dieldrin Rdl allele in populations at the Lismore tip may be partially explained by the use of dichlorvos for fly control. Dosage mortality curve and genetic analyses suggest that dichlorvos (an organophosphorus compound) may select at the dieldrin resistance locus. Possible mechanisms for this are discussed.The consequences of genetic differentiation between L. cuprina populations within a region for an autocidal control program are considered.Extra keyword: microdifferentiation.

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“…The first involves the release of genetically modified males that will mate with wild females and produce unviable offspring (Whitten and Foster 1975;Alphey et al 2002;Dyck et al 2005;Catteruccia et al 2009). This is a genetic version of the sterile insect technique and is intended to dramatically reduce the vector population size and consequently reduce disease transmission.…”

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confidence: 99%

Semele: A Killer-Male, Rescue-Female System for Suppression and Replacement of Insect Disease Vector Populations

et al. 2011

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Two strategies to control mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, are reducing mosquito population sizes or replacing populations with disease-refractory varieties. We propose a genetic system, Semele, which may be used for both. Semele consists of two components: a toxin expressed in transgenic males that either kills or renders infertile wild-type female recipients and an antidote expressed in females that protects them from the effects of the toxin. An all-male release results in population suppression because wild-type females that mate with transgenic males produce no offspring. A release that includes transgenic females results in gene drive since females carrying the allele are favored at high population frequencies. We use simple population genetic models to explore the utility of the Semele system. We find that Semele can spread under a wide range of conditions, all of which require a high introduction frequency. This feature is desirable since transgenic insects released accidentally are unlikely to persist, transgenic insects released intentionally can be spatially confined, and the element can be removed from a population through sustained release of wild-type insects. We examine potential barriers to Semele gene drive and suggest molecular tools that could be used to build the Semele system.

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Genetical Methods of Pest Control

Cited by 77 publications

References 30 publications

Characterization of environmental risk of genetically engineered (GE) organisms and their potential to control exotic invasive species

Characterization of environmental risk of genetically engineered (GE) organisms and their potential to control exotic invasive species

Dieldrin and Diazinon Resistance in Populations of the Australian Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, from Sheep-grazing Areas and Rubbish Tips

Semele: A Killer-Male, Rescue-Female System for Suppression and Replacement of Insect Disease Vector Populations

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