Genetically and chemically tuned haemoglobin–albumin trimers with superior O₂ transport efficiency

Abstract

Haemoglobin (Hb)–albumin (HSA) trimers were synthesized using five distinct Hb variants in which the structures were genetically and chemically tuned as an artificial O2 carrier used for a red blood...

Zinc Substituted Myoglobin−Albumin Fusion Protein: A Photosensitizer for Cancer Therapy

“…Yeast ( Pichia pastoris GS115) was transformed by electroporation using the linearized plasmid. Expression was performed according to a standard protocol with some modifications [16] . The protein was secreted into the culture medium.…”

“…Expression was performed according to a standard protocol with some modifications. [16] The protein was secreted into the culture medium. The protein concentration increased in proportion to the culture time, reaching approximately 1.3 g after 7 days.…”

Research Progress in Oxygen Carrier Design and Application

“…Through specific point mutations in the core of protein clusters, protein clusters exhibit lower oxygen affinity and higher synergy and even show O 2 transport efficiency (OTE) superior to that of red blood cells. 34 In addition, the heme pocket of Hb affects the affinity of gas ligands, and mutations based on distal Leu-β28 and/or His-β63 in the heme pocket were also used to synthesize the HbA−HSA 3 cluster. Recombinant protein clusters reduce the affinity for O 2 and achieve an oxygen affinity closer to that of native Hb.…”

“… When using N -succinimidyl 3-maleimidyl propionate (SMP) for cross-linking, the R/T state transition of Hb is affected, showing low cooperativity, low Bohr effect, and low DPG effect. Through specific point mutations in the core of protein clusters, protein clusters exhibit lower oxygen affinity and higher synergy and even show O 2 transport efficiency (OTE) superior to that of red blood cells …”

Epistemology of synthetic biology: a new theoretical framework based on its potential objects and objectives

“…This category echoes the statement of Morange (2009 , p.23) that synthetic biology could perfect or optimize Nature: « Their conviction is that ‘nature is imperfect and should and can be revised and improved’». For example, we could include the studies of building entities that produces a more efficient and strong bioluminescence than that found in nature ( Cubitt et al, 1995 ; Heim and Tsien, 1996 ), or develop a hemoglobin protein that transports oxygen more efficiently in red blood cells ( Cooper et al, 2019 ; Morita et al, 2021 ), or extend the natural lifespan of a given living cell ( Smith et al, 2018 ; Lan et al, 2019 ; Mahmoudi et al, 2019 ). We could also include studies on the design of artificial intelligence (or A-life) that can perform better human intellectual function (e.g.,: AlphaZero play the games of Chess and Go better than humans; Silver et al, 2018 ; McGrath et al, 2022 ) or human physical capacity (e.g.,: the promising Atlas robot from Boston Dynamics; DIANA robot that can ski a big slalom, Park et al, 2022 ; also the team of robots playing soccer; Yu et al, 2023 ) or footbal ( Song et al, 2022 ).…”