Genetically Confirmed Fasciola Hepatogigantica N.Sp

Khalifa, R.; El-Hady, Hanaa Ahmed; OMRAN, EMAN

doi:10.12816/0006364

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To date, various diagnostic techniques have been developed, including molecular techniques such as PCR, facilitating the identification and discrimination of Fasciola spp. in areas in which F. gigantica and F. hepatica coexist (7,8). Recently, evaluation of field-collected stools samples from ruminants and humans by duplex PCR revealed that this method is sensitive and is able to identify Fasciola spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of Two Antibody Detection Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Serodiagnosis of Human Chronic Fascioliasis

et al. 2014

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Coprological examination based on egg detection in stool samples is currently used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of human fascioliasis. However, this method is not effective during the acute phase of the disease and has poor sensitivity during the chronic phase. Serodiagnosis has become an excellent alternative to coprological examination in efforts to combat the effects of fascioliasis on human and animal health. Two novel recombinant Fasciola hepatica proteins, i.e., a ferritin (FhFtn-1) and a tegument-associated protein (FhTP16.5), were used as antigens to develop in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The assays were optimized and validated using 152 serum samples from humans with a known infection status, including healthy subjects, patients with chronic fascioliasis, and patients with other parasitic diseases. The FhFtn-1 ELISA was shown to be 96.6% sensitive and 95.7% specific; the respective parameters for the FhTP16.5 ELISA were 91.4% and 92.4%. The performances of the FhFtn-1 and FhTP16.5 ELISAs were compared with that of an available commercial test (the DRG test) using a subset of serum samples. Our in-house tests were slightly more sensitive than the DRG test in detecting antibodies against F. hepatica, but the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for the potential of the FhFtn-1 and FhTP16.5 ELISAs as diagnostic tools for human fascioliasis, as might be implemented in conjunction with standard assays for large-scale screenings in areas where the disease is endemic and for the detection of occasional cases in clinical laboratories.

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confidence: 99%

Development of Two Antibody Detection Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Serodiagnosis of Human Chronic Fascioliasis

et al. 2014

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“…Results from this review highlighted that hybridization may have already occurred or is in the process in some African countries including Chad, Egypt, and South Africa. This is supported by the individual flukes which have been identified to have intermediate morphological characters of F. gigantica and F. hepatica in Egypt [1,105,109] and South Africa [30], and those presumed to be F. hepatica with little to no sperm in their seminal vesicle in South Africa [30]. Considering that the Asian parthenogenetic Fasciola which were aspermic and those identified as F. hepatica in Japan were later classified as parthenogenetic hybrids [13], it is possible that the "aspermic" populations found in South Africa might also be parthenogenetic Fasciola.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Fasciola hybrids from Egypt [105] that had morphometric characters of F. hepatica were genetically more related to F. gigantica. The results also showed that similar to other countries where Fasciola hybrids/parthenogenetic populations were reported, these specimens were also characterized by either the ITS-Fh/Fg mixed genotype or the possession of sequences of one Fasciola species at ITS-1 and ITS-2 but sequences of the other species at NDI and/or COI [1,2,29,106,108].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Hybrid species also showed variations in the size and position of the oral and ventral suckers, the structure of intestinal caeca, and the position and branches of testes from F. hepatica and F. gigantica (Table 2). Results also showed that some specimens which possessed morphometric characters of F. hepatica displayed a close genetical relation to F. gigantica based on the PCR-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the AvaII restriction enzymes [105]. [107]…”

Section: Occurrence and Identification Of Fasciola Hybrids/aspermic A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Hybridization of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in Africa—A Scoping Review

et al. 2022

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The occurrence of Fasciola gigantica and F. hepatica in Africa is well documented; however, unlike in Asia, there is a paucity of information on the existence of hybrids or parthenogenetic species on the continent. Nonetheless, these hybrid species may have beneficial characteristics, such as increased host range and pathogenicity. This study provides evidence of the potential existence of Fasciola hybrids in Africa. A literature search of articles published between 1980 and 2022 was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using a combination of search terms and Boolean operators. Fasciola species were documented in 26 African countries with F. hepatica being restricted to 12 countries, whilst F. gigantica occurred in 24 countries, identified based on morphological features of adult Fasciola specimens or eggs and molecular techniques. The co-occurrence of both species was reported in 11 countries. However, the occurrence of potential Fasciola hybrids was only confirmed in Egypt and Chad but is suspected in South Africa and Zimbabwe. These were identified based on liver fluke morphometrics, assessment of the sperms in the seminal vesicle, and molecular techniques. The occurrence of intermediate host snails Galba truncatula and Radix natalensis was reported in Ethiopia, Egypt, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda, where F. hepatica and F. gigantica co-occurrences were reported. The invasive Pseudosuccinea columella snails naturally infected with F. gigantica were documented in South Africa and Egypt. In Zimbabwe, P. columella was infected with a presumed parthenogenetic Fasciola. This suggests that the invasive species might also be contributing to the overlapping distributions of the two Fasciola species since it can transmit both species. Notwithstanding the limited studies in Africa, the potential existence of Fasciola hybrids in Africa is real and might mimic scenarios in Asia, where parthenogenetic Fasciola exist in most Asian countries. In South Africa, aspermic F. hepatica and Fasciola sp. have been reported already, and Fasciola hybrids have been reported? in Chad and Egypt. Thus, the authors recommend future surveys using molecular markers recommended to identify Fasciola spp. and their snail intermediate hosts to demarcate areas of overlapping distribution where Fasciola hybrids and/or parthenogenetic Fasciola may occur. Further studies should also be conducted to determine the presence and role of P. columella in the transmission of Fasciola spp. in these geographical overlaps to help prevent parasite spillbacks.

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“…[102][103][104] With better genetic characterization, the intermediate forms of Fasciola is now considered to be a separate species named Fasciola hepatogigantica. 105 Similarly, the eggs of T. solium and T. saginata are indistinguishable. In the absence of the scolices and gravid proglottids, species identification can only be achieved by molecular testing.…”

Section: Cysts or Trophozoites Of Protozoa Having Similar Or Indistinguishable Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis in clinical parasitology: When and why?

Wong

Fung

Chau

et al. 2014

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Microscopic detection and morphological identification of parasites from clinical specimens are the gold standards for the laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections. The limitations of such diagnostic assays include insufficient sensitivity and operator dependence. Immunoassays for parasitic antigens are not available for most parasitic infections and have not significantly improved the sensitivity of laboratory detection. Advances in molecular detection by nucleic acid amplification may improve the detection in asymptomatic infections with low parasitic burden. Rapidly accumulating genomic data on parasites allow the design of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers directed towards multi-copy gene targets, such as the ribosomal and mitochondrial genes, which further improve the sensitivity. Parasitic cell or its free circulating parasitic DNA can be shed from parasites into blood and excreta which may allow its detection without the whole parasite being present within the portion of clinical sample used for DNA extraction. Multiplex nucleic acid amplification technology allows the simultaneous detection of many parasitic species within a single clinical specimen. In addition to improved sensitivity, nucleic acid amplification with sequencing can help to differentiate different parasitic species at different stages with similar morphology, detect and speciate parasites from fixed histopathological sections and identify anti-parasitic drug resistance. The use of consensus primer and PCR sequencing may even help to identify novel parasitic species. The key limitation of molecular detection is the technological expertise and expense which are usually lacking in the field setting at highly endemic areas. However, such tests can be useful for screening important parasitic infections in asymptomatic patients, donors or recipients coming from endemic areas in the settings of transfusion service or tertiary institutions with transplantation service. Such tests can also be used for monitoring these recipients or highly immunosuppressed patients, so that early preemptive treatment can be given for reactivated parasitic infections while the parasitic burden is still low.

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Genetically Confirmed Fasciola Hepatogigantica N.Sp

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Development of Two Antibody Detection Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Serodiagnosis of Human Chronic Fascioliasis

Development of Two Antibody Detection Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Serodiagnosis of Human Chronic Fascioliasis

Potential Hybridization of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in Africa—A Scoping Review

Molecular diagnosis in clinical parasitology: When and why?

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