Genetically different wine yeasts isolated from Austrian vine-growing regions influence wine aroma differently and contain putative hybrids betweenSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandSaccharomyces kudriavzevii

Abstract

To evaluate the influence of the genomic properties of yeasts on the formation of wine flavour, genotypic diversity among natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains originating from grapes collected in four localities of three Austrian vine-growing areas (Thermenregion: locations Perchtoldsdorf and Pfaffstätten, Neusiedlersee-Hügelland: location Eisenstadt, Neusiedlersee: location Halbturn) was investigated and the aroma compounds produced during fermentation of the grape must of 'Grüner Veltliner' were identified. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis (AFLP) showed that the yeast strains cluster in four groups corresponding to their geographical origin. The genotypic analysis and sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rRNA encoding gene and ITS1/ITS2 regions indicated that the Perchtoldsdorf strains were putative interspecies hybrids between S. cerevisiae and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii. Analysis of the aroma compounds by GS/MS indicated a region-specific influence of the yeasts on the chemical composition of the wines. The aroma compound profiles generated by the Perchtoldsdorf strains were more related to those produced by the Pfaffstätten strains than by the Eisenstadt and Halbturn strains. Similar to the Pfaffstätten yeasts, the putative hybrid strains were good ester producers, suggesting that they may influence the wine quality favourably.

Molecular characterization of the closely related Debaryomyces species: Proposition of D. vindobonensis sp. nov. from a municipal wastewater treatment plant

“…2, Table S1). These results are completely in agreement with our previous studies where we evaluated the usefulness of the AFLP technique for the delimitation of the Fellomyces and Saccharomyces species and strains (Lopandic et al, 2005a(Lopandic et al, , 2007. AFLP analysis strongly corroborated the conspecificity of the strains belonging to D. hansenii, D. tyrocola, D. fabryi and D. vindobonensis that had already been determined by the ACT1 gene and rDNA sequence analysis (Fig.…”

“…It was shown that this sophisticated genotyping approach might be extremely useful in differentiation of the yeast strains and species for which the rRNA encoding genes were not sufficiently divergent (Lopandic et al, 2005a, b). As the AFLP markers provide information that reflects changes in the whole genome, they are also very efficient in detecting introgressed DNA segments and interspecies hybridization (Lopandic et al, 2007). In the present study, comparative analysis of the AFLP electropherograms resulted in high levels of similarity among the strains of the same Debaryomyces species ( 0.86%), whereas the strains of different species were separated at 0.50 similarity (Fig.…”

“…The yeast DNA was isolated and purified according to the protocol of the MasterPure TM Yeast DNA Purification Kit (Epicentere, Madison, Wisconsin, USA). Amplification and sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA and 5.8S-ITSs region were performed as described by Lopandic et al (2007). The primers ACT1F-Dh (5 -CCCAGTTTTGTTGACCGAAG-3 ) and ACT1R-Dh (5 -GTGAATTTGATCCCGCATCT -3 ) were used to amplify and sequence a 982 bp-long fragment of the ACT1 gene by the preceding method.…”

“…The genetic variability of Debaryomyces yeasts at inter-and intraspecies level was investigated by the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique using the AFLP TM Microbial Fingerprinting kit of Applied Biosystems (Foster City, CA, USA). The restriction/ligation steps, as well as the preselective and selective amplifications, were carried out as described by Lopandic et al (2007) with minor modifications. Three primer pairs, EcoRI-AC-FAM/MseI-C, EcoRI-T-JOE/MseI-CT and EcoRI-C-NED/MseI-CA, were used for selective amplification.…”

Reconstruction of the genome origins and evolution of the hybrid lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus

“…As described in more detail below, S. pastorianus has been shown to be a hybrid organism, and it is likely that lager yeast arose by "instantaneous speciation" due to an interspecific hybridization event (Martini and Kurztman 1985;Martini and Martini 1987) that occurred during these selective growth conditions. Not only is this mechanism known to be common in angiosperm speciation (Hegarty and Hiscock 2005), but interspecific hybridization (or "allopolyploidy") among the closely related sensu stricto Saccharomyces yeast species is known to occur in both industrial and natural settings (Masneuf et al 1998;Groth et al 1999;de Barros Lopes et al 2002;Liti et al 2005;Gonzalez et al 2007Gonzalez et al , 2008Lopandic et al 2007), and indeed may also have been the mechanism leading to the original whole-genome duplication in the ancestor of the Saccharomyces clade (Scannell et al 2006).…”