The exciting success of NBTXR3 in the clinic has triggered
a tumult
of activities in the design and development of hafnium-based nanoparticles.
However, due to the concerns of nondegradation and limited functions,
the biomedical applications of Hf-based nanoparticles mainly focus
on tumors. Herein, tannic acid capped hafnium disulfide (HfS2@TA) nanosheets, a 2D atomic crystal of hafnium-based materials prepared
by liquid-phase exfoliation, were explored as high-performance anti-inflammatory
nanoagents for the targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD). Benefiting from the transformation of the S2–/S6+ valence state and huge specific surface area, the
obtained HfS2@TA nanosheets were not only capable of effectively
eliminating reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and
downregulating pro-inflammatory factors but also could be excreted
via kidney and hepatointestinal systems. Unexpectedly, HfS2@TA maintained excellent targeting capability to an inflamed colon
even in the harsh digestive tract environment, mainly attributed to
the electrostatic interactions between negatively charged tannic acid
and positively charged inflamed epithelium. Encouragingly, upon oral
or intravenous administration, HfS2@TA quickly inhibited
inflammation and repaired the intestinal mucosa barrier in both dextran
sodium sulfate and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid induced IBD
models. This work demonstrated that ultrathin HfS2@TA atomic
crystals with enhanced colon accumulation were promising for the targeted
therapy of IBD.