Genetically engineered rice with appA gene enhanced phosphorus and minerals

Bhattacharya, Sananda; Sengupta, Suman; Karmakar, Aritra; Sarkar, Sailendra Nath; Gangopadhyay, Gaurab; Datta, Karabi; Datta, Swapan K.

doi:10.1007/s13562-019-00505-3

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Most research on phytic acid is aimed at dephosphorylating the molecule in plant material to reduce negative impact of livestock farming on the environment [1][2][3]. Commonly employed methods for quantitative analysis of phytic acid are time-consuming and expensive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In livestock nutrition phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient but often limited in availability [1]. P is stored by the plant in organically bound form as phytic acid (inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate, InsP 6 ) or its corresponding salt phytate in a condensed form [2]. It consists of an inositol ring linked to six phosphate groups by ester bonds and accounts for up to 90% of the total P content in most cereals [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ATR-FT-MIR Based Inline Analysis for Determination of Phytate in Plant Residuals During Wet-Treatment

Widderich

Bubenheim

Liese

2023

Preprint

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The availability of organically bound phosphorus (P) as phytate in plant-based feeding material is a challenge for livestock farming due to limited utilization during the digestion by the animal. Another issue is the following output into the environment as manure, due to increasing restrictions for nitrogen and phosphorus. As a solution, enzymes such as phytases are added in livestock farming to increase digestibility. However, the activation of intrinsic enzymes by wet-treatment of feeding material can also effectively reduce phytate content and can be applied prior to feeding. In this study, we report on a non-invasive method based on Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FT-MIR) and chemometrics for rapid quantification of residual phytate content during rye bran treatment; rye bran is used as an example for a plant-based feeding material. For model calibration, KH2PO4 was used as the internal standard, as phytate and its hydrolytic product ortho-phosphate experienced similar mid-infrared absorbance pattern. The residual phytate content after different treatment times was determined by applying a mass balance for P. The developed inline analysis is compared to standard offline analytical methods resulting in a RMSE of 6.2 mgphytate·100gbran-1. Thus, the developed method shows high accuracy and holds the potential for further applications for the screening and investigation of feed material conditioning prior to feeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATR-FT-MIR Based Inline Analysis for Determination of Phytate in Plant Residuals During Wet-Treatment

Widderich

Bubenheim

Liese

2023

Preprint

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“…As phytate is not digested by animal system due to lack of phytase enzyme, low phytate rice was generated very recently by overexpressing E. coli appA gene which enhanced inorganic P level by 4-fold along with zinc and iron. The gene appA encoded AppA protein which is non-glycosylated and periplasmic (Bhattacharya et al, 2019).…”

Section: Lowering Phytic Acid Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Manipulation for Improved Nutritional Quality in Rice

2020

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Food with higher nutritional value is always desired for human health. Rice is the prime staple food in more than thirty developing countries, providing at least 20% of dietary protein, 3% of dietary fat and other essential nutrients. Several factors influence the nutrient content of rice which includes agricultural practices, post-harvest processing, cultivar type as well as manipulations followed by selection through breeding and genetic means. In addition to mutation breeding, genetic engineering approach also contributed significantly for the generation of nutrition added varieties of rice in the last decade or so. In the present review, we summarize the research update on improving the nutritional characteristics of rice by using genetic engineering and mutation breeding approach. We also compare the conventional breeding techniques of rice with modern molecular breeding techniques toward the generation of nutritionally improved rice variety as compared to other cereals in areas of micronutrients and availability of essential nutrients such as folate and iron. In addition to biofortification, our focus will be on the efforts to generate low phytate in seeds, increase in essential fatty acids or addition of vitamins (as in golden rice) all leading to the achievements in rice nutrition science. The superiority of biotechnology over conventional breeding being already established, it is essential to ascertain that there are no serious negative agronomic consequences for consumers with any difference in grain size or color or texture, when a nutritionally improved variety of rice is generated through genetic engineering technology.

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“…The Afphytase gene was introduced into rice by Wirth [35], Boonyaves et al [36], and Boonyaves et al [40], and the resulting GM rice showed increased iron accumulation in polished grain. Overexpression of appA (phytase) gene from Escherichia coli in Khitish (indica) rice cultivar enhanced twofold iron and threefold zinc accumulation in rice seed with a fourfold increase of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) level [37]. Lucca et al introduced Afphytase into the rice endosperm with a rice cysteine-rich metallothionein-like protein (for enhancing of iron absorption) [34].…”

Section: Release Of Phytic Acid Bound Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Biofortification: High Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin-A to Fight against “Hidden Hunger”

2019

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One out of three humans suffer from micronutrient deficiencies called “hidden hunger”. Underprivileged people, including preschool children and women, suffer most from deficiency diseases and other health-related issues. Rice (Oryza sativa), a staple food, is their source of nutrients, contributing up to 70% of daily calories for more than half of the world’s population. Solving “hidden hunger” through rice biofortification would be a sustainable approach for those people who mainly consume rice and have limited access to diversified food. White milled rice grains lose essential nutrients through polishing. Therefore, seed-specific higher accumulation of essential nutrients is a necessity. Through the method of biofortification (via genetic engineering/molecular breeding), significant increases in iron and zinc with other essential minerals and provitamin-A (β-carotene) was achieved in rice grain. Many indica and japonica rice cultivars have been biofortified worldwide, being popularly known as ‘high iron rice’, ‘low phytate rice’, ‘high zinc rice’, and ‘high carotenoid rice’ (golden rice) varieties. Market availability of such varieties could reduce “hidden hunger”, and a large population of the world could be cured from iron deficiency anemia (IDA), zinc deficiency, and vitamin-A deficiency (VAD). In this review, different approaches of rice biofortification with their outcomes have been elaborated and discussed. Future strategies of nutrition improvement using genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9) and the need of policy support have been highlighted.

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Genetically engineered rice with appA gene enhanced phosphorus and minerals

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

ATR-FT-MIR Based Inline Analysis for Determination of Phytate in Plant Residuals During Wet-Treatment

ATR-FT-MIR Based Inline Analysis for Determination of Phytate in Plant Residuals During Wet-Treatment

Genetic Manipulation for Improved Nutritional Quality in Rice

Rice Biofortification: High Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin-A to Fight against “Hidden Hunger”

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