Genetics and diversity of Indonesian bananas

Abstract

Diploid fertile bananas for breedingAs cultivars are sterile, diploid fertile bananas are needed as starting genitors in breeding programs to create hybrid progenies, that later can be used for developing triploid, alloploid or parthenocarpic sterile cultivars. Genetic analysis of fertile diploids has the additional advantage of mapping desirable traits on a linkage map. Such maps can also help to reveal structural chromosome variants (Hippolyte et al., 2010) and can be combined with genomic libraries to characterize and isolate selected gene clusters (Canto-Canché et al., 2007). In breeding practices, wild bananas and related Musa species can also be useful as donor species in pre-breeding programs. This germplasm can later be crossed with diploid or triploid cultivars to create new alloploid or triploid seedless cultivars (de Oliveira et al., 2001).The most important diploid fertile accessions for banana improvement, are the ancestral M. acuminata and M. balbisiana, which occur all over Southeast Asia (Perrier et al., 2009;Volkaert 2018). Specific morphological traits that allow distinction between these two species are blotches on the pseudostem, petiole canal shape, hair on peduncle, pedicels-fruit length ratio, ovules rows configuration, bract habit and male flower color (Simmonds & Shepherd, 1955). The genetic diversity of M. acuminata is much higher than in M. balbisiana (Wong et al., 2002;Volkaert, 2011), resulting in a subdivision of M. acuminata into seven sub-species (Perrier et al., 2011;Simmonds & Shepherd, 1955), i.e. ssp. acuminata, ssp. errans (Blanco) RV Valmayor, ssp. halabanensis (Meijer) M Hotta, ssp. malaccensis (Ridl.) NW Simmonds, ssp. microcarpa (Becc.) NW Simmonds, ssp. siamea NW Simmonds and ssp. truncata (Ridl.). In addition, Nasution (1991) described fifteen additional varieties that were found in Indonesia (Figure 4). As to the smaller diversity of M. balbisiana, only four varieties were accepted in the Plant List (2013), i.e. var. brachycarpa (Backer) Häkkinen, var. liukiuensis (Matsum.) Häkkinen, var. bakeri (Hook.f.) Häkkinen and var. dechangensis (J.L.Liu & M.G.Liu) Häkkinen.Part of the overall diversity is maintained in gene banks such as the International Musa Germplasm Collection (International Transit Centre, ITC), which is hosted by the Catholic University of Leuven (KUL) in Belgium. However, the larger part of diversity is maintained in in-situ collections such as the one at the Indonesian Fruits Research Institute (ITFRI, Indonesian Centre for Horticultural Research and Development (ICHORD)) in Solok, Sumatra, Indonesia. Besides, there is a plethora of undiscovered diverse germplasm in tropical forests awaiting deployment by breeders and researchers for banana improvement. The ITC has more than 1,500 accession in tissue culture, but only a small number of accessions of wild M. acuminata (N=91) and M. balbisiana (N=32)

Interspecific introgression patterns reveal the origins of worldwide cultivated bananas in New Guinea

“…This wild banana was described in Sumatra (Hotta, 1989; Meijer, 1961; Nasution, 1989) and was accepted as an M. acuminata subspecies (Häkkinen & Väre, 2008). It was recently proposed to be present in cultivar ‘Pisang Jari Buaya’ (Ahmad, 2021). The identification of M. acuminata ssp.…”

Improving Crossing Efficiency by Exploiting the Genetic Potential of Allotetraploid Cooking Bananas

“…This question, for which no solution has been proposed in this study, raises the hypothesis of a high proportion of pollen with different ploidy levels (polysporia), which is very common in allotetraploids, and which could possibly have a selective influence on the germination of pollen on stigmas [34,35]. In addition, the allotetraploid nature of these hybrids could also have a significant effect on the proportion of pollen fertile at anthesis, greatly reducing their performance when used in crosses [20,36].…”

Pendampingan Budidaya Pisang Berkelanjutan dan Manajemen Hama Penyakit di Sindangsari Kabupaten Serang

“…Pisang merupakan salah satu tanaman asli Indonesia (Ahmad 2021). Buah pisang sangat digemari masyarakat karena harganya yang terjangkau, bernilai gizi tinggi, dan dapat diolah menjadi berbagai macam penganan selain dimakan langsung sebagai buah segar.…”

“…Varietas pisang lokal dapat memiliki nama berbeda-beda di setiap daerah di Indonesia. Sebaliknya varietas pisang dengan nama yang sama pada dua daerah berbeda dapat merujuk pada dua jenis pisang yang sangat berbeda (Ahmad 2021). Misalnya Pisang Raja Sereh di Serang, disebut sebagai Pisang Susu di Jawa Tengah, Pisang Mas Lampung di Bogor, disebut Pisang Muli di Banten.…”