Genetics and Epidemiology of Adult-type Hypolactasia

Sahi, Timo

doi:10.3109/00365529409091740

Cited by 274 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…It decreases intestinal pH, thus reducing the transformation of primary into secondary bile acids. Only populations with a relatively high proportion of lactase-persistent subjects have a tradition of adults drinking large quantities of milk (Sahi, 1994 Group, 1977), with an incidence rate significantly lower in Finns, who consume larger quantities of fermented dairy products and have a higher rate of lactobacilli in their stools, than Danes. Few epidemiological studies have addressed a possible association between fermented dairy products and colorectal tumours.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and colorectal carcinogenesis: a French case - control study

Boutron

Faivre²,

Marteau³

et al. 1996

Br J Cancer

133

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Summary A protective effect of calcium against colorectal cancer has been described in Anglo-Saxon but not in Latin communities, and no such effect has been observed regarding adenomas. We investigated the relationship between calcium, dairy products and the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in a French region by comparing small adenoma (< 10 mm, n = 154), large adenoma (n = 208) and polyp-free (n = 426) subjects, and cancer cases (n = 171) with population controls (n = 309). There was no protective effect of calcium against colorectal tumours except for low fat calcium and large adenomas in men (OR for highest quintile= 0.3, P for trend = 0.06). There was even a trend towards an increased risk of cancer with dairy calcium in men and nondairy calcium in women. Vitamin D was inversely related to the risk of small adenomas in women (OR for highest quintile = 0.4, P for trend = 0.04). Regarding dairy products, only consumption of yoghurt displayed an inverse relationship with risk of large adenomas, in both men and women. These data failed to demonstrate a protective effect of calcium against colorectal carcinogenesis. They suggest that the type of dairy product might be the important factor with regard to prevention of colorectal tumours. (Benito et al., 1991;Tuyns et al., 1988; Negri et al., 1990). Dairy products have also been studied not only because they are the main source of dietary calcium, but also because other components may be of interest, such as the lactose content or the bacteria in fermented dairy products. To date, no significant association has been described between calcium intake and colorectal adenomas (Kampman et al., 1994a). This finding is all the more important since certain of the current intervention studies with calcium supplements use adenoma recurrence as an end point.France has a tradition of high calcium intake, mainly in the form of cheese. In order to define further the effect of calcium, phosphate, vitamin D and dairy product intake on the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, we carried out a casecontrol study in a French community of the relationship between these nutrients, as well as calcium-containing foods and the different macroscopic steps of colorectal carcinogenesis, namely small adenoma, large adenoma and cancer. Materials and methodsCases and controls A case-control study was set up between 1985 and 1990 to investigate risk factors for the different macroscopic steps of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Its general design has already been described Sample size calculations were based on fat intake, one of the suspected major risk factors for colorectal cancer. Considering the proportion of the population exposed to a high-fat diet, with a power of 80% to demonstrate a relative risk of 2.0 at the 5% level of significance, it was calculated that at least 140 cases and 280 controls were needed in each group.Two groups of patients with adenomas and polyp-free controls were selected from the endoscopy lists of all gastroenterologists in the area, whether in private or public practice. Adeno...

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Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and colorectal carcinogenesis: a French case - control study

Boutron

Faivre²,

Marteau³

et al. 1996

Br J Cancer

133

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“…Primary lactose malabsorption (LM) is an autosomal recessive condition, while lactase persistence (LP) is inherited as a dominant single gene trait (Sahi et al, 1973;Sahi, 1994). LM can be manifested clinically as lactose intolerance (LI) by flatulence, bloating, distension, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, causing many people to avoid drinking milk (Birge et al, 1967).…”

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confidence: 99%

The genetic variant of lactase persistence C (−13910) T as a risk factor for type I and II diabetes in the Finnish population

et al. 2004

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Objective: Lactase persistence (LP), the ability to maintain a high lactase activity throughout life, has been suggested to be a possible risk factor for diabetes. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism C (À13910) T, residing 14 kb from the 5 0 end of the lactase (LCT) gene was shown to be associated with LP. Here we have studied the relationship between C (13910) T polymorphism and diabetes in the Finnish population. Patients and design: In all, 1455 patients with type I and 615 with type II diabetes and 446 nondiabetic controls in the Finnish population were genotyped for the C (-13910) T polymorphism by PCR minisequencing. Results: No differences were detected in the LP genotype frequencies (CT&TT) between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Conclusions: We conclude that the C (À13910) T polymorphism associated with lifelong LP is not a risk factor for type I or type II diabetes in the Finnish population.

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“…The current thought is that the T-variant became established in response to changing dietary habits during the early days of cattle, sheep, and goat herding when populations started to consume milk containing lactose as part of their dietary habits. (5) The prevalence of lactose intolerance worldwide shows a distribution pattern that is ORIGINAL ARTICLE J JBMR associated with dietary intake habits. (5,6) In Europe, this is represented by a rather steep incline in the prevalence of lactose intolerance from northern toward southern Europe, with a prevalence ranging from 2% in Sweden up to 70% in Italy and Turkey.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…(5) The prevalence of lactose intolerance worldwide shows a distribution pattern that is ORIGINAL ARTICLE J JBMR associated with dietary intake habits. (5,6) In Europe, this is represented by a rather steep incline in the prevalence of lactose intolerance from northern toward southern Europe, with a prevalence ranging from 2% in Sweden up to 70% in Italy and Turkey. (5) Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors such as body weight and nutrition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(5,6) In Europe, this is represented by a rather steep incline in the prevalence of lactose intolerance from northern toward southern Europe, with a prevalence ranging from 2% in Sweden up to 70% in Italy and Turkey. (5) Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors such as body weight and nutrition. Important nutrients for bone metabolism are calcium and vitamin D. Because of the importance of calcium intake for bone metabolism, one can hypothesize that the C allele is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and, as a result, also with increased fracture risk.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The T-13910C polymorphism in the lactase phlorizin hydrolase gene is associated with differences in serum calcium levels and calcium intake

Koek

Meurs

Eerden

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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The C-variant of a T-13910C polymorphism (rs4988235; NT_022135.15:g.25316568G > A) upstream of the lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene causes lactose intolerance. Association studies with differences in bone parameters and fracture risk have been inconclusive. The objective of this study was to examine the association of LPH rs4988235 with body height and bone parameters and calcium homeostasis in two elderly populations of Dutch Caucasians and assess interaction with vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms. Genotyping of LPH and VDR polymorphisms was performed in 6367 individuals from the Rotterdam Study and 844 from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Associations with age, height, weight, bone mineral density (BMD), skeletal morphometric parameters and serum vitamin D and calcium levels, and dietary calcium intake were assessed using ANOVA or analysis of covariance, and allele dose effect was assessed using linear regression analysis. Fracture risk was analyzed using Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis. Associations with body height (p ¼ 2.7 Â 10 À8 ) and vertebral area (p ¼ .048) found in the Rotterdam Study were explained by population stratification, as assessed by principal-component analyses, and disappeared after additional adjustments. No associations with femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD or with fracture risk were detected. Calcium intake and serum ionized serum calcium were significantly lower in C-homozygotes (p ¼ 9.2 Â 10 À7 , p ¼ .02, respectively). For none of the parameters studied was interaction between the T-13910C polymorphism and VDR block 5 haplotype 1 observed. We show that the C allele of the T-13910C polymorphism causing lactose intolerance is associated with lower dietary calcium intake and serum calcium levels but not with BMD or fractures. The associations observed with height and vertebral area were the result of population stratification. This demonstrates the impact of population stratification and urges researchers to carefully take this into account in genetic associations, in particular, in dietary intake-related phenotypes, of which LPH and lactose intolerance are a strong example. ß

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Genetics and Epidemiology of Adult-type Hypolactasia

Cited by 274 publications

References 89 publications

Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and colorectal carcinogenesis: a French case - control study

Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, dairy products and colorectal carcinogenesis: a French case - control study

The genetic variant of lactase persistence C (−13910) T as a risk factor for type I and II diabetes in the Finnish population

The T-13910C polymorphism in the lactase phlorizin hydrolase gene is associated with differences in serum calcium levels and calcium intake

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