Genetics and Gene Mapping of Disease Resistance in Brassica

Li, Genyi; McVetty, P. B. E.

doi:10.1002/9781118728475.ch16

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…However, the production of canola is hindered by many diseases including blackleg, sclerotinia stem rot, and club root (Li and McVetty 2013).…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease can be controlled by crop rotation, utilization of resistant varieties, and fungicide application (Fernando et al 2007;Kutcher et al 2011). The use of resistant varieties has been proven to be the most effective and environmentally friendly strategy to control the disease (Raman et al 2013;Li and McVetty 2013). However, field populations of L. maculans display a high evolutionary potential and are able to overcome major resistance genes within a few years.…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breakdown of Rlm3 resistance in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans pathosystem in western Canada

et al. 2015

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Blackleg disease, caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is a devastating disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Australia, Canada and Europe. The pathogen is considered a global invasive species and poses a threat to canola production in China, where only the weakly aggressive strain L. biglobosa is present. In Canada, breakdown of blackleg resistance has been shown. In order to develop a more effective disease management strategy, there is a need to elucidate host resistance and defense mechanisms underlying the B. napus-L. maculans pathosystem. This is the very first study to investigate major resistance genes (R genes) and adult plant resistance (APR) in Canadian canola germplasm. This study also analyzed the avirulence allele frequency in L. maculans populations in western Canada. R genes were detected in the majority of these B. napus germplasm, with the Rlm3 gene being predominant. The frequency of AvrLm3 allele in field fungal populations was extremely low. APR was identified in more than 50% of the germplasm. This indicated the breakdown of Rlm3 resistance, which could be due to the widespread use of this single resistance gene in Canadian B. napus germplasm and varieties. To address concerns of introducing L. maculans from Canada into China, this study further characterized R genes and APR to L. maculans in a collection of Chinese B. napus germplasm. R genes were detected in more than 40% of the germplasm tested, with Rlm3 and Rlm4 being predominant. A large portion of the Chinese germplasm showed high to moderate ii APR in field trials at three locations in MB, SK and AB in western Canada. This study highlighted the availability of fair to good resistance in the Chinese B. napus germplasm against blackleg disease and was the first study to investigate a large number of Chinese germplasm against Canadian fungal populations in different environments. RNA sequencing of resistant and susceptible host tissues and a streamlined bioinformatics pipeline identified unique genes and plant defense pathways specific to plant resistance in the B. napus-L. maculans LepR1-AvrLepR1 interaction. The sequencing data coupled with functional characterization of some unique genes, in depth histological analysis, and in situ gene activity analysis directly at the site of infection provide unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution of the plant defense response to L. maculans.

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“…However, the production of canola is hindered by many diseases including blackleg, sclerotinia stem rot, and club root (Li and McVetty 2013).…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakdown of Rlm3 resistance in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans pathosystem in western Canada

et al. 2015

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“…A total of 117 candidate genes were found located in the QTL confidence intervals for oil or protein content, which indicated that these DEPs might be involved in oil or protein formation. By using a similar approach, a dozen resistance gene loci for clubroot and blackleg have been identified in Brassica crops (Li and McVetty, 2013 ), and seven candidate genes that might be important for waterlogging tolerance and were co-localized with the QTL identified in maize were observed (Osman et al, 2013 ). These results have indicated the advantage of this candidate gene mapping approach in the dissection of complex pathways and regulation mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Dissection of Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment in Brassica napus

Chao

Gan

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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The success of seed germination and establishment of a normal seedling are key determinants of plant species propagation. At present, only a few studies have focused on the genetic control of seed germination by using a proteomic approach in Brassica napus. In the present study, the protein expression pattern of seed germination was investigated using differential fluorescence two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in B. napus. One hundred and thirteen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were mainly involved in storage (23.4%), energy metabolism (18.9%), protein metabolism (16.2%), defense/disease (12.6%), seed maturation (11.7%), carbohydrate metabolism (4.5%), lipid metabolism (4.5%), amino acids metabolism (3.6%), cell growth/division (3.6%), and some unclear functions (2.7%) were observed by proteomic analysis. Seventeen genes corresponding to 11 DEPs were identified within or near the associated linkage disequilibrium regions related to seed germination and vigor quantitative traits reported in B. napus in previous studies. The expression pattern of proteins showed that heterotrophic metabolism could be activated in the process of seed germination and that the onset of defense mechanisms might start during seed germination. These findings will help generate a more in-depth understanding of the mobilization of seed storage reserves and regulation mechanisms of the germination process in B. napus.

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“…Breeding for blackleg resistance is fundamental to successful disease management (Li and McVetty 2013). In B. napus, there are two types of resistance against blackleg, qualitative resistance (R gene, major gene) mediated by single major genes and quantitative resistance (adult plant resistance) controlled by multiple genetic factors (quantitative trait loci -QTL) (Rimmer 2006;Raman et al 2013).…”

Section: Blackleg Resistance Erosion In Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into fighting against blackleg disease of Brassica napus in Canada

Zhang

Fernando

2018

Crop Pasture Sci.

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Abstract. Blackleg disease, caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is a devastating disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Australia, Canada and Europe. Although cultural strategies such as crop rotation, fungicide application, and tillage are adopted to control the disease, the most promising disease control strategy is the utilisation of resistant canola varieties. However, field populations of L. maculans display a high evolutionary potential and are able to overcome major resistance genes within a few years, making disease control relying on resistant varieties challenging. In the early 1990s, blackleg resistance gene Rlm3 was introduced into Canadian canola varieties and provided good resistance against the fungal populations until the early 2000s, when moderate to severe blackleg outbreaks were observed in some areas across western Canada. However, the breakdown of Rlm3 resistance was not reported until recently, based on studies on R genes present in Canadian canola varieties and the avirulence allele frequency in L. maculans populations in western Canada. The fact that Rlm3 was overcome by the evolution of fungal populations demands canola breeding programs in Canada to be prepared to develop canola varieties with diversified and efficient R genes. In addition, frequent monitoring of fungal populations can provide up-to-date guidance for proper resistance genes deployment. This literature review provides insights into the outbreaks and management of blackleg disease in Canada.

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Genetics and Gene Mapping of Disease Resistance in Brassica

Cited by 4 publications

References 80 publications

Breakdown of Rlm3 resistance in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans pathosystem in western Canada

Breakdown of Rlm3 resistance in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans pathosystem in western Canada

Proteomic Dissection of Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment in Brassica napus

Insights into fighting against blackleg disease of Brassica napus in Canada

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