Genetics and realized heritability of resistance to imidacloprid in a poultry population of house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) from Pakistan

Selection, resistance risk assessment, and reversion toward susceptibility of pyriproxyfen in Musca domestica L.

“…After 22 generations of experimental exposure of pyriproxyfen, the PYR strain developed 130-fold compared to the PYS strain. Resistance has been previously reported in M. domestica against various insecticides (Abbas et al 2014a, b;Acevedo et al 2009;Khan et al 2014a;Scott et al 2000;Shi et al 2011;Shono et al 2004) including insect growth regulator (Bell et al 2010;Tang et al 2002).…”

Resistance of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens to nitenpyram: Cross-resistance patterns, mechanism, stability, and realized heritability

“…However, due to excessive spray of insecticides, the evolution of resistance by insect pests is a major threat to crop safety and disease transmission [14,19]. Resistance to insecticides has been reported in many agriculturally and medically important insect pests from [20][21][22][23][24], challenging the chemical control for the management of these pests. Moreover, misuse of pesticides has produced pesticide residues in food chain, disappearance of wildlife and resurgence of several secondary pests [25].…”

Mechanism, stability and fitness cost of resistance to pyriproxyfen in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

“…Chemical control is addressed as the principle management tool for M. domestica worldwide [7]. Intensive insecticidal applications led to resistance development in M. domestica, which has been reported repeatedly for different chemicals [1,[8][9][10][11]. Chemicals may help to control the outbreaks of M. domestica occasionally, but long-term usage leads to the resistance development [12,13].…”