Genetics and reverse genetics of rotavirus

Taniguchi, Koki; Komoto, Satoshi

doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.06.001

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The most common pathogens of porcine viral diarrhea are porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine rotavirus (PoRV) Zhang et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2016). PEDV and TGEV are alpha coronaviruses (Brian and Baric, 2005), and PoRV is a member of the genus Rotavirus within the Reoviridae family (Taniguchi and Komoto, 2012). All three diarrhea viruses primarily infect villous epithelial cells throughout the small intestine and cause serious injury of IEC, including severe diffuse atrophic enteritis and superficial villous enterocyte swelling .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-22 suppresses the infection of porcine enteric coronaviruses and rotavirus by activating STAT3 signal pathway

Xue

Zhao

et al. 2017

Antiviral Research

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Interleukin-22 (IL-22), a member of the IL-10 superfamily, plays essential roles in fighting against mucosal microbial infection and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity within the intestine. However, little knowledge exists on the ability of porcine IL-22 (pIL-22) to fight against viral infection in the gut. In this study, we found that recombinant mature pIL-22 (mpIL-22) inhibited the infection of multiple diarrhea viruses, including alpha coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine rotavirus (PoRV), in the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line J2 (IPEC-J2) cells. mpIL-22 up-regulated the expression of the antimicrobial peptide beta-defensin (BD-2), cytokine IL-18 and IFN-λ. Furthermore, we found that mpIL-22 induced phosphorylation of STAT3 on Ser727 and Tyr705 in IPEC-J2 cells. Inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by S3I-201 abrogated the antiviral ability of mpIL-22 and the mpIL-22-induced expression of BD-2, IL-18, and IFN-λ. Together, mpIL-22 inhibited the infection of PoRV and enteric coronaviruses, and up-regulated the expression of antimicrobial genes in IPEC-J2, which were mediated by the activation of the STAT3 signal pathway. The significant antiviral activity of IL-22 to curtail multiple enteric diarrhea viruses in vitro suggests that pIL-22 could be a novel therapeutic against devastating viral diarrhea in piglets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-22 suppresses the infection of porcine enteric coronaviruses and rotavirus by activating STAT3 signal pathway

Xue

Zhao

et al. 2017

Antiviral Research

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“…For RVA, partial plasmid-based reverse genetics systems that require a helper virus have been established (14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Although these reverse genetics systems have been exploited to generate novel recombinant RVAs possessing a cDNA-derived gene segment, the development of a versatile entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics system for RVA has lagged significantly behind that for other RNA viruses, including other members of the Reoviridae (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Recently, a long-awaited entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics system has been established (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse Genetics System Demonstrates that Rotavirus Nonstructural Protein NSP6 Is Not Essential for Viral Replication in Cell Culture

Komoto

Kanai

Fukuda

et al. 2017

J Virol

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The use of overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) to synthesize more than one unique protein from a single mRNA has been described for several viruses. Segment 11 of the rotavirus genome encodes two nonstructural proteins, NSP5 and NSP6. The NSP6 ORF is present in the vast majority of rotavirus strains, and therefore the NSP6 protein would be expected to have a function in viral replication. However, there is no direct evidence of its function or requirement in the viral replication cycle yet. Here, taking advantage of a recently established plasmid-only-based reverse genetics system that allows rescue of recombinant rotaviruses entirely from cloned cDNAs, we generated NSP6-deficient viruses to directly address its significance in the viral replication cycle. Viable recombinant NSP6-deficient viruses could be engineered. Single-step growth curves and plaque formation of the NSP6-deficient viruses confirmed that NSP6 expression is of limited significance for RVA replication in cell culture, although the NSP6 protein seemed to promote efficient virus growth. Rotavirus is one of the most important pathogens of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The rotavirus genome, consisting of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, encodes six structural proteins (VP1 to VP4, VP6, and VP7) and six nonstructural proteins (NSP1 to NSP6). Although specific functions have been ascribed to each of the 12 viral proteins, the role of NSP6 in the viral replication cycle remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the NSP6 protein is not essential for viral replication in cell culture by using a recently developed plasmid-only-based reverse genetics system. This reverse genetics approach will be successfully applied to answer questions of great interest regarding the roles of rotaviral proteins in replication and pathogenicity, which can hardly be addressed by conventional approaches.

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“…The human orthoreovirus genome consists of 10 segments with a total of approximately 23 000 bp. The human rotavirus genome has 11 segments with a total of approximately 19 000 bp (Taniguchi and Komoto, 2012). Reovirus virions bind to cell surface sialic acid, but additional interaction with cell surface receptors is thought to be necessary for infection (Danthi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Reoviridaementioning

confidence: 99%