“…Varieties of chillies with fruits of little or no pungency (particularly C. annuum ) are commonly known as ‘sweet pepper’, while those with strong pungency (such as C. frutescens and C. chinense ) are referred to as ‘chilli pepper’. Many aspects of chilli have been widely studied, including production practices such as breeding and improvement, fruit ripening, pests and diseases [5] , [6] , [7] , as well as genetics, genomics, phylogenetics and systematics [1 , 2 , [8] , [9] , [10] . Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of bioactive compounds [11] , along with quality attributes, flavour compounds, microbial diversity and succession, and metabolome-microbiome interactions of fermented chilli [12 , 13] , have also received considerable attention.…”