Genetics in Cartilage Lesions: Basic Science and Therapy Approaches

Szwedowski, Dawid; Szczepanek, Joanna; Paczesny, Łukasz; Pękala, Przemysław A.; Zabrzyński, Jan; Kruczyński, Jacek

doi:10.3390/ijms21155430

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 217 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…Modifications to the epigenetic pattern can lead to genetic disruptions that result in the overexpression of cartilage-degrading proteases and inflammatory process factors. Responsible for the breakdown of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM), enzymes may trigger osteoarthritis (OA) progression and inhibit regenerative tissue production during cartilage repair [ 28 ] ( Figure 1 ). The catabolic and inflammatory intra-articular environment that exists in osteoarthritis may be influenced by the administration of PRP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Intra-Articular Microenvironment in Knee Osteoarthritis

Szwedowski

Szczepanek

Paczesny³

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) represents a clinical challenge due to poor potential for spontaneous healing of cartilage lesions. Several treatment options are available for KOA, including oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, braces, activity modification, and finally operative treatment. Intra-articular (IA) injections are usually used when the non-operative treatment is not effective, and when the surgery is not yet indicated. More and more studies suggesting that IA injections are as or even more efficient and safe than NSAIDs. Recently, research to improve intra-articular homeostasis has focused on biologic adjuncts, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The catabolic and inflammatory intra-articular processes that exists in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) may be influenced by the administration of PRP and its derivatives. PRP can induce a regenerative response and lead to the improvement of metabolic functions of damaged structures. However, the positive effect on chondrogenesis and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is still highly controversial. Recommendations from in vitro and animal research often lead to different clinical outcomes because it is difficult to translate non-clinical study outcomes and methodology recommendations to human clinical treatment protocols. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of PRP action. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms related to inflammation and chondrogenesis in cartilage repair and regenerative processes after PRP administration in in vitro and animal studies. Furthermore, we review clinical trials of PRP efficiency in changing the OA biomarkers in knee joint.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Intra-Articular Microenvironment in Knee Osteoarthritis

Szwedowski

Szczepanek

Paczesny³

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…The SRY-box 9 gene ( SOX9 ) is our third candidate linked to osteoarthritis [ 88 ]. SOX9 is considered a pivotal player in chondrogenesis, as its protein, the transcription factor SOX-9, was shown to stimulate chondrocyte differentiation [ 64 , 89 ]. In addition, SOX9 mediates the Wnt signalling pathway, abnormalities of which are correlated with cartilage degradation [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Annotation of Genes Related to Bone Stability in Laying Hens Using Random Forests

Jansen

Baulain

Habig

et al. 2021

Genes

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Skeletal disorders, including fractures and osteoporosis, in laying hens cause major welfare and economic problems. Although genetics have been shown to play a key role in bone integrity, little is yet known about the underlying genetic architecture of the traits. This study aimed to identify genes associated with bone breaking strength and bone mineral density of the tibiotarsus and the humerus in laying hens. Potentially informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were identified using Random Forests classification. We then searched for genes known to be related to bone stability in close proximity to the SNPs and identified 16 potential candidates. Some of them had human orthologues. Based on our findings, we can support the assumption that multiple genes determine bone strength, with each of them having a rather small effect, as illustrated by our SNP effect estimates. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis showed that some of these candidates are involved in metabolic pathways critical for bone integrity. In conclusion, the identified candidates represent genes that may play a role in the bone integrity of chickens. Although further studies are needed to determine causality, the genes reported here are promising in terms of alleviating bone disorders in laying hens.

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“…These cytokines are released by damaged cells of cartilage, bone tissue, and synovium and detected in the plasma and synovial fluid of patients. Genes related to the cartilage destruction in OA have been known to regulate the expression of cytokines [24]. Besides, the expression of these genes has been reported to be regulated by circulating miRNAs [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Changes in Serum MicroRNAs after High Tibial Osteotomy in Medial Compartmental Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers

Kwak

Moon

et al. 2021

Diagnostics

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High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is an effective alternative for medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA). Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to serve as OA-related biomarkers. The present study investigated the differential expression of serum miRNAs before and after HTO to identify potential miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers. miRNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays were used to screen for miRNAs in the serum at preoperative and 6-month postoperative time points from six patients, and the differentially expressed miRNAs identified in the profiling stage were validated using real-time PCR at post-operative months 6 and 18 in 27 other HTO-treated patients. Among 84 miRNAs involved in the inflammatory process, three (miR-19b-3p, miR-29c-3p, and miR-424-5p) showed differential expression patterns in the profiling stage (p = 0.011, 0.015, and 0.021, respectively). Levels of these three and four other miRNAs (miR-140-3p, miR-454-3p, miR-let-7e-5p, and miR-885-5p) known to be related to OA progression were evaluated in the serum of 27 patients. Only four miRNAs (miR-19b-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-454-3p, and miR-let-7e-5p) were significantly upregulated at postoperative month 6 (p = 0.003, 0.005, 0.004, and 0.004, respectively), and only miR-140-3p was significantly upregulated up to 18 months after operation (p = 0.003). Together, this study reveals the significantly upregulated serum miRNAs after HTO as potential prognostic biomarkers; however, further studies are warranted to elucidate their clinical implications.

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Genetics in Cartilage Lesions: Basic Science and Therapy Approaches

Cited by 24 publications

References 217 publications

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Intra-Articular Microenvironment in Knee Osteoarthritis

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Intra-Articular Microenvironment in Knee Osteoarthritis

Identification and Functional Annotation of Genes Related to Bone Stability in Laying Hens Using Random Forests

Significant Changes in Serum MicroRNAs after High Tibial Osteotomy in Medial Compartmental Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers

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