Genetics in Dental Practice: Social and Ethical Issues Surrounding Genetic Testing

Gettig, Elizabeth; Hart, Thomas C.

doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2003.67.5.tb03657.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…As it becomes increasingly possible to label individuals at greater risk for specific diseases based on genomic testing, it is vital that discriminatory actions such as the limitation of job opportunities or access to health care based on disease susceptibility be checked and guarded against. While cases of genetic discrimination are rare, they do occur (Gettig and Hart, 2003). Furthermore, the significant relationship of a single individual’s genetic information with that of his entire related family makes confidentiality an extremely important subject when it comes to genetic testing (Kent, 2003).…”

Section: Setting An Agenda For Personalized Dental Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has become evident that many, if not all, human diseases are influenced by the variation and function of genes. These discoveries have led to a growing expectation that genetic and genomic information be utilized in the diagnosis of and treatment for disease in clinical health care (Gettig and Hart, 2003). However, while the application of genomic information has been an important part of medical health care for over a decade, the field of dentistry has yet to take full advantage of this newfound technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome technologies and personalized dental medicine

et al. 2011

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The addition of genomic information to our understanding of oral disease is driving important changes in oral health care. It is anticipated that genome-derived information will promote a deeper understanding of disease etiology and permit earlier diagnosis, allowing for preventative measures prior to disease onset rather than treatment that attempts to repair the diseased state. Advances in genome technologies have fueled expectations for this proactive healthcare approach. Application of genomic testing is expanding and has already begun to find its way into the practice of clinical dentistry. To take full advantage of the information and technologies currently available, it is vital that dental care providers, consumers, and policymakers be aware of genomic approaches to understanding of oral diseases and the application of genomic testing to disease diagnosis and treatment. Ethical, legal, clinical, and educational initiatives are also required to responsibly incorporate genomic information into the practice of dentistry. This article provides an overview of the application of genomic technologies to oral health care and introduces issues that require consideration if we are to realize the full potential of genomics to enable the practice of personalized dental medicine.

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Section: Setting An Agenda For Personalized Dental Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome technologies and personalized dental medicine

et al. 2011

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“…In dentistry, there are many genetic variations that have been associated with important oral-craniofacial conditions. For example, amelogenin ( AMELX ) is associated with amelogenesis imperfect 1, SH3 Domain-binding protein 2 ( SH3BPS ) is associated with cherubism, and AXIN2 is associated with the absence of six or more teeth (Gettig and Hart, 2003). Having such information held confidentially and handled ethically is important to all stakeholders, especially when the data involve children, or include genetic alleles that may be associated with more than one disease or condition.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Profile of Articles on AXIN2 Mutations, Oligodontia, and Ethical Statements in Dental Research

Wiener

2022

Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics

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Purpose Editors often require ethical statements in research publications. This is particularly important with genetic data where discrimination may occur upon data disclosures. The purpose of this research is to determine if there was a positive trend of publishing ethical statements in dental genetic research. The study is limited to AXIN2 mutations which may be associated with oligodontia and cancer. Methods A MEDLINE search of 2011–2021 articles concerning AXIN2, oligodontia, and ethical statements was conducted. Reviews, nonhuman subject research, abstracts, and articles not written nor translated into English were excluded. Results Forty-four studies were found; 10 excluded. There were 25 (75.8%) with ethical statements, and 25 (75.8%) with participant consent statements. There was no significant difference by year in ethical statements over the ten years (p = 0.094). Conclusion There is a need to encourage more ethical statements in publications especially for genetically sensitive topics to reassure readers of ethical practices.

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Genetic Testing Considerations for Oral Medicine

Hart

Ferrell²

2002

Journal of Dental Education

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The availability and integration of genetic information into our understanding of normal and abnormal growth and development are driving important changes in health care. These changes have fostered the hope that the availability of genetic information will promote a better understanding of disease etiology and permit early, even pre-symptomatic diagnosis and preventative intervention to avoid disease onset. Expectations for this proactive health care approach are fueled by the technological and scientific advances that have fundamentally changed how we perceive human diseases. Among the clinical applications of this information, genetic testing applications are likely to expand significantly and may broadly impact the clinical practice of dentistry. In this changing environment, it is vital that dental care providers, policymakers, and consumers become aware of important issues related to genetic testing and the incorporation of genetic information into the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases that involve the oral cavity. We must also guard against unrealistic expectations and calls for genetic tests that are not valid. To realize the promise of this new molecular genetics, we must understand the possibilities and responsibly incorporate newly emergent technologies into the evolving discipline of dentistry. This paper overviews many of the important issues that need to be considered in the application of genetic testing to oral medicine. Dr. Hart is Associate Professor,Locus: the position in a chromosome of a particular gene or allele.Mutation: a relatively permanent change in hereditary material involving either a physical change in chromosome relations or a molecular change in the nucleotide composition of a sequence that makes up a gene.Polymorphism: a locus in which two or more alleles have gene frequencies greater than 0.01 in a population. When this criterion is not fulfilled, the locus is considered monomorphic. STRP (short tandem repeat polymorphism): a type of genetic variation (polymorphism) in populations that consist of small repeat units (usually two, three, four, or five nucleotide base pairs) that occur in tandem. Also called a microsatellite repeat polymorphism. SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism): polymorphisms that result from variation at a single nucleotide.Variable clinical expression: a trait in which the same genotype may produce phenotypes of varying severity or expression.Allelic heterogeneity: condition in which different alleles at a locus can produce variable expression of a disease.Locus heterogeneity: refers to conditions in which mutations in different genes (loci) can produce the same disease phenotypes.

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Genetics in Dental Practice: Social and Ethical Issues Surrounding Genetic Testing

Cited by 11 publications

References 79 publications

Genome technologies and personalized dental medicine

Genome technologies and personalized dental medicine

The Profile of Articles on AXIN2 Mutations, Oligodontia, and Ethical Statements in Dental Research

Genetic Testing Considerations for Oral Medicine

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