Genetics in prostate cancer: implications for clinical practice

Szymaniak, Brittany; Ross, Ashley E.; Morgans, Alicia K.

doi:10.1097/spc.0000000000000575

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These mutations determine the outcomes of PC therapy using taxanes or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. [13]…”

Section: Molecular Basis For Novel Pc Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific germline mutations can lead to aggressive PC development, particularly in patients with a family history of PC. [13] Apart from autosomal loci, several Y chromosome–linked genes are relevant for PC predisposition and growth. Y-chromosome PC genotyping may reveal specific genes ( BPY2 , RPS4Y1 , NLGN4Y , SMAD3 , and others), DYZ region mutations (DYS458, allele 12 of DYS393, and others), tumor suppressor genes ( KDM5D and MSY ), and several loci.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prostate cancer genotyping for risk stratification and precision treatment

Kumar

2024

Curr Urol

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Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. It is heterogeneous, as is evident from the wide spectrum of therapeutic approaches. Most patients with PC are initially responsive to androgen deprivation therapy; however, the majority of cases are either hormone-sensitive PC or castration-resistant PC. Current therapeutic protocols follow the evolution of PC, a continuously progressive process involving a combination of widespread genomic alterations. These genomic alterations are either hereditary germline mutations, such as mutations in BRCA2, or specific only to tumor cells (somatic). Tumor-specific genomic spectra include genomic structural rearrangements, canonical androgen response genes, and many other specific genes such as TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, SPOP/FOXA1, TP53/RB1/PTEN, and BRCA2. New evidence indicates the involvement of signaling pathways including PI3K, WNT/β-catenin, SRC, and IL-6/STAT, which have been shown to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition cancer stem cell–like features/stemness, and neuroendocrine differentiation in PC. Over the last decade, our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationships has been enhanced considerably. The genetic background of PC related to canonical genetic alterations and signaling pathway activation genes has shed more insight into the molecular subtype and disease landscape, resulting in a more flexible role of individual therapies targeting diverse genotypes and phenotypes.

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“…These mutations determine the outcomes of PC therapy using taxanes or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. [13]…”

Section: Molecular Basis For Novel Pc Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate cancer genotyping for risk stratification and precision treatment

Kumar

2024

Curr Urol

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“…PARP enzymes are a family of enzymes essential in DNA repair mechanisms. In 2020, the PARP inhibitors olaparib and rucaparib were granted FDA approval for use in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers of patients with gene mutations in their homologous recombination repair system [7][8][9]. Along with these advances, germline testing has emerged as an important part of delivering precision treatment in prostate cancer [10].…”

Section: Introduction and Current Prostate Cancer And Germline Testin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germline Mutations and Ancestry in Prostate Cancer

Bataba,

Babcock,

Isensee

et al. 2024

Curr Oncol Rep

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Purpose of Review Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy of men in the USA; notably, the incidence is higher among men of African, followed by European and Asian ancestry. Germline mutations and, in particular, mutations in DNA damage repair genes (DDRGs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. This review intends to discuss the implication of ancestry on prostate cancer, specifically in regard to lack of diversity in genomic and genetic databases and the ability of providers to properly counsel patients on the significance of cancer genetic results. Recent Findings Ancestral differences in prostate cancer-associated DDRG germline mutations are increasingly recognized. Guidelines for treatment by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network® (NCCN®) support germline testing in certain patients, and a myriad of genetic testing panels for DDRG mutations are now available in clinical practice. However, the consensus among providers on what genes and mutations to include in the genetic tests has evolved from experience from men of European ancestry (EA). Gaps in ancestry-informed clinical practice exist in genetic risk assessment, implementation of screening, counseling, guiding recommendations, treatment, and clinical trial enrollment. Summary The lack of diversity in tumor genomic and genetic databases may hinder ancestry-specific disease-predisposing alterations from being discovered and targeted in prostate cancer and, therefore, impede the ability of providers to accurately counsel patients on the significance of cancer genetic test results.

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“…Lokeshwar et al [4] discuss the role of cachexia in MIBC and its utility as a prognostic indicator. Finally, Szymaniak et al [5] discuss recent advancements in our knowledge of prostate cancer genetics and how these can be translated into clinical practice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%