Genetics of Actinorhodin Biosynthesis by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Rudd, Brian A. M.; Hopwood, David A.

doi:10.1099/00221287-114-1-35

Cited by 193 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This antibiotic was produced by strains unable to synthesize any of the three antibiotics previously identified from S. coelicolor A3(2) -methylenomycin (Kirby et al, 1975;Wright & Hopwood, 1976a), actinorhodin (Wright & Hopwood, 19763;Rudd & Hopwood, 1979) or undecylprodigiosin (the 'red' antibiotic; Rudd & Hopwood, 1980; S-W. Lee, C-J. Chang & H. G. Floss, personal communication).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Channel-forming Antibiotic from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Which Requires Calcium for its Activity

Lakey¹,

Lea²,

Rudd³

et al. 1983

Microbiology

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A recently discovered antibiotic (CDA ; calcium-dependent antibiotic) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was found to be effective against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria only in the presence of calcium ions. Producer and non-producer strains were identified and several media tested for their ability to support antibiotic production. The action of calcium was not simulated by any of the other cations tested. The antibiotic was found to induce discrete conductance fluctuations in planar lipid bilayer consistent with a channel-forming action. The electrical potential difference caused by a concentration difference of various salts across the CDAcontaining bilayer, showed the channel to be cation-selective but of a size that discriminated against tetramethyl ammonium and choline ions. The data indicate that the antibiotic activity of CDA is due to its action as a calcium-dependent ionophore.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Channel-forming Antibiotic from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Which Requires Calcium for its Activity

Lakey¹,

Lea²,

Rudd³

et al. 1983

Microbiology

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“…In spread plates discrete colonies were formed whose final diameter decreased as the concentration of the spore inoculum increased. In crowded plates mycelium at the colony margin was more sparse and less branched while growth of approaching colonies slowed down and was often associated with production of a blue pigment (Rudd & Hopwood, 1979). Occasionally, however, unrestricted margins merged to continue growth as a single colony with sporulation and pigmentation bands coinciding.…”

Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Kinetic Study of the Colony Growth of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and J802 on Solid Medium

Allan

Prosser

1985

Microbiology

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Colony growth kinetics of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), the wild-type strain, and 5802, a mutant incapable of utilizing agar as the sole carbon and energy source, have been studied on solid medium. General features comparable to colony growth of filamentous fungi were observed in both streptomycete strains. Hyphal frequency at the margins of colonies was assessed as the number of hyphae crossing an arc of defined length and increased in an exponential manner with distance from the margin, reaching a maximum at approximately 200 pm. Aerial hyphal initials were formed approximately 350 pm from the margin. Colony radial extension was linear, but in the wild-type strain grown at low medium depths, growth was sometimes multiphasic, with successive phases of linear growth each exhibiting a slower radial growth rate than that of the preceding phase. Hyphal frequency at the colony margin decreased as colony diameter increased, indicating significant changes in environmental conditions in the peripheral growth zone during colony growth. In the primary phase of linear growth, the colony radial growth rate of both strains was independent of medium depth and in the absence of a cellophane membrane was independent of glucose concentration. Colony radial growth rate of strain 5802 growing on a cellophane underlay increased with glucose concentration. Hyphal frequency of strain A3(2) increased gradually with medium depth but was independent of glucose concentration. In strain 5802, hyphal frequency exhibited a strong dependence on both medium depth and glucose concentration. A threshold glucose concentration for growth was not found and inhibition of strain A3(2) occurred above 1 g 1 -l . The results agree with many aspects of accepted theories for colony growth of both unicells and filamentous fungi, but suggest production of staling products and/or secondary metabolites to be of equal significance to nutrient limitation in controlling colony development.

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“…Thus, it appears that the dauG strains are dauminus regulatory mutants which may be analogous to act11 mutants of S . coelicolor (Rudd & Hopwood, 1979;Hallam et al, 1989).…”

Section: Extract Feeding Experiments To Establish a Biosynthetic Sequmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of anthracyclines: analysis of mutants of Streptomyces sp. strain C5 blocked in daunomycin biosynthesis

Batel

Connors

Strohl

1990

Journal of General Microbiology

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~~~~~ ~~Streptomyces sp. strain C5, an organism that normally produces baumycins, daunomycin and E-rhodomycinone, was treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoganidine (NTG). Mutants blocked at various points in daunomycin and baumycin production were isolated by screening for altered pigmentation and absence of bioactivity against Staphyfococcus aureus. Examination of the mutants by thin-layer chromatography of their accumulated anthracycline metabolites, by cosynthesis assays, and by extract feeding experiments allowed a classification into six groups. These were: dauA, strains that accumulated no anthracyclines but with other blocked mutants cosynthesized anthracyclines (polyketide-synthase-minus mutants); dauG, regulatory mutants that, either alone or mixed with other blocked mutants, accumulated no anthracyclines; d a d , mutants that accumulated aklanonic acid; dauE, mutants that accumulated maggiemycin; dauF, mutants that accumulated aklavinone; and dauH, mutants that accumulated only E-rhodomycinone. Mutant SC5-24 (dauE), which accumulated the shunt product maggiemycin, was re-mutagenized with NTG to obtain blocked mutants in preceding biosynthetic steps; the three groups of double mutants obtained accumulated aklanonic acid (dauC,E), aklanonic acid methyl ester (dauD,E) and aklaviketone (dauE,F).

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Genetics of Actinorhodin Biosynthesis by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

Cited by 193 publications

References 21 publications

A New Channel-forming Antibiotic from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Which Requires Calcium for its Activity

A New Channel-forming Antibiotic from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) Which Requires Calcium for its Activity

A Kinetic Study of the Colony Growth of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and J802 on Solid Medium

Biosynthesis of anthracyclines: analysis of mutants of Streptomyces sp. strain C5 blocked in daunomycin biosynthesis

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