Genetics of Adiposity in Large Animal Models for Human Obesity—Studies on Pigs and Dogs

Stachowiak, Monika; Szczerbal, Izabela; Świtoński, M.

doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.01.001

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The link between muscular IMF and obesity-related genes is well reported [60,61]. In consequence, markers associated with IMF do not allow differential selection for IMF at restricted total fat content.…”

Section: The Molecular Basis Of Imf Content and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Marker Discovery in Complex Traits: A Field Example on Fat Content and Composition in Pigs

Pena

Ros‐Freixedes

Tör

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Among the large number of attributes that define pork quality, fat content and composition have attracted the attention of breeders in the recent years due to their interaction with human health and technological and sensorial properties of meat. In livestock species, fat accumulates in different depots following a temporal pattern that is also recognized in humans. Intramuscular fat deposition rate and fatty acid composition change with life. Despite indication that it might be possible to select for intramuscular fat without affecting other fat depots, to date only one depot-specific genetic marker (PCK1 c.2456C>A) has been reported. In contrast, identification of polymorphisms related to fat composition has been more successful. For instance, our group has described a variant in the stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD) gene that improves the desaturation index of fat without affecting overall fatness or growth. Identification of mutations in candidate genes can be a tedious and costly process. Genome-wide association studies can help in narrowing down the number of candidate genes by highlighting those which contribute most to the genetic variation of the trait. Results from our group and others indicate that fat content and composition are highly polygenic and that very few genes explain more than 5% of the variance of the trait. Moreover, as the complexity of the genome emerges, the role of non-coding genes and regulatory elements cannot be disregarded. Prediction of breeding values from genomic data is discussed in comparison with conventional best linear predictors of breeding values. An example based on real data is given, and the implications in phenotype prediction are discussed in detail. The benefits and limitations of using large SNP sets versus a few very informative markers as predictors of genetic merit of breeding candidates are evaluated using field data as an example.

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Section: The Molecular Basis Of Imf Content and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Marker Discovery in Complex Traits: A Field Example on Fat Content and Composition in Pigs

Pena

Ros‐Freixedes

Tör

et al. 2016

IJMS

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“…These studies were performed using different cell lines and organisms (human, mouse, rat, and pig), and to date, they have provided no comprehensive characterization of nuclear organization for each species. Domestic pig (Sus scrofa) is considered as an attractive large animal model for studies on human obesity in terms of similarities found at the anatomical, physiological, pathological, and genomic levels (Spurlock and Gabler 2008;Stachowiak et al 2016). Knowledge on cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with adipose tissue development is also needed as far as pig production is concerned, since it may affect neonatal survival, postnatal growth efficiency, and health (Louveau et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear organization during in vitro differentiation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes

Stachecka

Walczak

Kociucka

et al. 2017

Histochem Cell Biol

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for further study, a comparative characteristic of the nuclear organization in BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs was performed. Nuclear substructures were visualized by indirect immunofluorescence (nucleoli, nuclear speckles, PML bodies, lamins, and HP1α) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (telomeres) on fixed cells at 0, 3, 5, and 7 days of differentiation. Comprehensive characterization of these structures, in terms of their number, size, dynamics, and arrangement in three-dimensional space of the nucleus, was performed. It was found that during differentiation of porcine MSCs into adipocytes, changes of nuclear organization occurred and concerned: (1) the nuclear size and shape; (2) reduced lamin A/C expression; and (3) reorganization of chromocenters. Other elements of nuclear architecture such as nucleoli, SC-35 nuclear speckles, and telomeres showed no significant changes when compared to undifferentiated and mature fat cells. In addition, the presence of a low number of PML bodies was characteristic of the studied porcine mesenchymal stem cell adipogenesis system. It has been shown that the arrangement of selected components of nuclear architecture was very similar in MSCs derived from different sources, whereas adipocyte differentiation involves nuclear reorganization. This study adds new data on nuclear organization during adipogenesis using the pig as a model organism.

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“…Pigs have long served as models in biomedical research because of their similarity to humans with regard to body size, physiological conditions, eating patterns, and fat deposition [1][2][3][4]. Pig breeds do vary in fat deposition and are characterized by differences in intramuscular fat content and backfat thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning of SLC35D3 and analysis of its role during porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation

Liu

et al. 2020

BMC Genet

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Background: Solute carrier family 35 (SLC35) is one of a large number of membrane transporter protein families. Member D3 of this family is thought to be involved in adipose deposition and metabolic control. Results: We obtained 2238 bp cDNA of porcine SLC35D3, it contains a 1272 bp ORF, encoding a 423 amino acid polypeptide, and a 966 bp 3′ UTR. BLAST results revealed that the amino acid sequence of porcine SLC35D3 had the closest phylogenetic relationship with members of the genus Ovis aries. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that the SLC35D3 protein contains 8 transmembrane domains, and that there is no signal peptide structure. The secondary structure of the protein mainly contains 37.12% α-helixes, 7.8% in β-folds, and 33.57% random coils. mRNA expression analysis showed that SLC35D3 is expressed in lung, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM), leaf fat (LF), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). To examine the effects of SLC35D3 expression on fat synthesis and catabolism, SLC35D3-siRNA was transfected into cultured intramuscular adipocytes. SLC35D3 silenced cells showed increased expression of genes related to fat synthesis, and increased deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF), abundance of lipid droplets, and the level of free fatty acid (FFA) in the culture medium. In contrast, the siRNA decreased the expression genes involved in fat catabolism. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that silenced SLC35D3 results in increased adipogenic processes in pig intramuscular adipocytes. These data represent the first exploration of SLC35D3 expression in swine, and provide valuable insights into the functions of SLC35D3 in adipocyte differentiation.

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Genetics of Adiposity in Large Animal Models for Human Obesity—Studies on Pigs and Dogs

Cited by 37 publications

References 148 publications

Genetic Marker Discovery in Complex Traits: A Field Example on Fat Content and Composition in Pigs

Genetic Marker Discovery in Complex Traits: A Field Example on Fat Content and Composition in Pigs

Nuclear organization during in vitro differentiation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes

Molecular cloning of SLC35D3 and analysis of its role during porcine intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation

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