Genetics of aliphatic glucosinolates. III. Side chain structure of aliphatic glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana

Mithen, Richard; Clarke, Jonathan H.; Lister, Clare; Dean, Caroline

doi:10.1038/hdy.1995.29

Cited by 119 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…We also considered the possibility that T. ni larvae are responding to qualitative differences in the profile of the more than 20 kinds of glucosinolates that have been identified in Arabidopsis (Haughn et al, 1991). The same population of Col/Ler RI lines that we used in our study has been used to genetically map qualitative differences in glucosinolate content (Magrath et al, 1994;Mithen et al, 1995;Campos de Quiros et al, 2000). The loci that were identified are on chromosomes 4 and 5 of Arabidopsis and are thus distinct from the TASTY locus on chromosome 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison of genomic sequences of the two most commonly studied ecotypes, Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler), reveals a polymorphism roughly every 2,000 bp (Arabidopsis Genome Initiative, 2000). Many examples of phenotypic variation among ecotypes have been documented, including disease resistance (Kunkel, 1996), leaf trichome density (Larkin et al, 1996), glucosinolate content (Magrath et al, 1994;Mithen et al, 1995), and epicuticular wax composition (Rashotte et al, 1997). Frequently such phenotypic variation is quantitative (continuous) and is the result of genetic changes in multiple genes.…”

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The TASTY Locus on Chromosome 1 of Arabidopsis Affects Feeding of the Insect Herbivore Trichoplusia ni

et al. 2001

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The generalist insect herbivore Trichoplusia ni(cabbage looper) readily consumes Arabidopsis and can complete its entire life cycle on this plant. Natural isolates (ecotypes) of Arabidopsis are not equally susceptible to T. ni feeding. While some are hardly touched by T. ni, others are eaten completely to the ground. Comparison of two commonly studied Arabidopsis ecotypes in choice experiments showed that Columbia is considerably more resistant than Landsberg erecta. In no-choice experiments, where larvae were confined on one or the other ecotype, weight gain was more rapid on Landsberg erectathan on Columbia. Genetic mapping of this difference in insect susceptibility using recombinant inbred lines resulted in the discovery of the TASTY locus near 85 cM on chromosome 1 of Arabidopsis. The resistant allele of this locus is in the Columbia ecotype, and an F1 hybrid has a sensitive phenotype that is similar to that of Landsberg erecta. TheTASTY locus is distinct from known genetic differences between Columbia and Landsberg erecta that affect glucosinolate content, trichome density, disease resistance, and flowering time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

The TASTY Locus on Chromosome 1 of Arabidopsis Affects Feeding of the Insect Herbivore Trichoplusia ni

et al. 2001

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“…Quantitative trait locus mapping with human insight has enabled the characterization and prediction of numerous pathways. And this has lead initiatives to create an automated algorithm which takes the metabolite and genetic data to predict metabolic pathways [45,[54][55][56][57][58]. However, a direct comparison of computational predictions to empirical pathway evidence showed the none of the current algorithms are sufficient and new approaches need to be developed to enable this automated pathway discovery [59].…”

Section: Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping To Reverse Engineer the Shamentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic biology of metabolism: using natural variation to reverse engineer systems

Kliebenstein

2014

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

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A goal of metabolic engineering is to take a plant and introduce new or modify existing pathways in a directed and predictable fashion. However, existing data does not provide the necessary level of information to allow for predictive models to be generated. One avenue to reverse engineer the necessary information is to study the genetic control of natural variation in plant primary and secondary metabolism. These studies are showing that any engineering model will have to incorporate information about 1000s of genes in both the nuclear and organellar genome to optimize the function of the introduced pathway. Further, these genes may interact in an unpredictable fashion complicating any engineering approach as it moves from the one or two gene manipulation to higher order stacking efforts. Finally, metabolic engineering may be influenced by a previously unrecognized potential for a plant to measure the metabolites within it. In combination, these observations from natural variation provide a beginning to help improve current efforts at metabolic engineering. Introduction A significant goal of synthetic biology or biological engineering is to take an existant organism and alter it in a directed and predictive fashion to introduce a new phenotype that had not previously existed in that organism. Some of these efforts start with introducing a new metabolic pathway into an organism to provide a better source of a commercially important chemical or to make new chemicals entirely [1][2][3]. Other efforts are focused at taking agronomically important traits such as defensive chemicals, nitrogen fixation or perennial growth from one species and transferring these traits into other species that do not contain them [4 ,5,6]. However these efforts while exciting frequently run into great difficulty and for this review article, I will focus on one the potential of using information from natural variation studies to facilitate these efforts for metabolic engineering.To predictively engineer a new metabolic pathway into a plant with optimal efficiency requires a base level of knowledge that likely does not exist to any full level. To generate full predictive ability we would need much deeper understanding of the following questions. First, how many genes within the plant need to be manipulated to facilitate the integration of the new pathway into the organisms metabolic and regulatory network. How do these genes interact, are they solely additive or is there evidence of more complex epistasis that complicates predictive capacity? Finally, are these genes solely in the nuclear genome or is there causal variation also in the organellar genomes? Most efforts to answer these questions focus largely on forward or single-gene reverse genetics approaches which are highly time consuming and difficult to scale up to the necessary level.An alternative approach to understanding a system is to use the concept of reverse engineering [7,8]. The goal of reverse engineering is to take a functioning system, say an existing metabolic pathway, ...

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“…The subsequent side-chain modification reactions will determine the final structure of GSL. Methionine-derived aliphatic GSL are known to be the most extensively modified and several genetic loci have been mapped in Arabidopsis and Brassica cultivars (Parkin et al, 1994;Mithen et al, 1995;Giamoustaris and Mithen, 1996;Hall et al, 2001). Most of the research on GSL biosynthesis has been done in the model plant A. thaliana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAM1 (At5g23010) and MAM3 (At5g23020) are tandem duplicates on chromosome 5 at the GSElong locus (Kroymann et al, 2001;Field et al, 2004;Textor et al, 2004;Benderoth et al, 2006;Textor et al, 2007). Aliphatic GSL might be modified further by other genes, such as GS-Alk, which is responsible for the conversion of methylsufinylalkyl to alkenyl GSL (Mithen et al, 1995). During the biosynthesis of the glycone moiety, cytochrome-P450-dependent monoxygenases in the CYP79 gene family are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of amino acids to aldoximes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of five major glucosinolate genes in Brassica rapa in relation to Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana

Yang

Qiu

Quirós

2010

Span. j. agric. res.

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Glucosinolates and their breakdown products, the isocyanates, are important secondary metabolites in the Brassicacea. These compounds posses biological activity ranging from cancer protection to biofumigation. The synthesis of glucosinolates (GSL) can be divided into three independent stages: side-chain elongation, glycone formation and side-chain modification (Wittstock and Halkier, 2002 AbstractGlucosinolates and their derivatives isothiocyanates are important secondary metabolites in the Brassicacea that has biological activity, such as cancer protecting and biofumigant properties. The putative orthologs of five major genes in the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, Bra.GSELONG.a, Bra.GSALK.a, Bra.CYP83B1, Bra.SUR1.a and Bra.ST5.a, were cloned from both cDNA and genomic DNA from different subspecies of Brassica rapa. Interspecies comparative analysis disclosed high conservation of exon number and size for GS-Elong, GS-Alk, GS-CYP83B1 and GS-ST5a among B. rapa, B. oleracea and A. thaliana. Splice site mutations caused the differences observed for exon numbers and sizes in GS-SUR1 among the three species. However, the exonic sequences were highly conserved for this gene. There were not major differences of intronic sizes among the three species for these genes, except for intron 1 for GS-Elong in two subspecies of B. rapa. The cloning of the putative orthologs of all these major genes involved in the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway of B. rapa and sequence analysis provide a useful base for their genetic manipulation and functional analysis.Additional key words: chinese cabbage, comparative genomics, glucosinolates, rapeseed, turnip. Resumen Variación de cinco genes mayores de glucosinolatos en Brassica rapa en relación con Brassica oleracea y Arabidopsis thalianaLos glucosinolatos y sus derivados, los isotiocianatos, son metabolitos secundarios importantes propios de la familia Brassicaceae, ya que poseen actividades biológicas tales como protección contra el cáncer y biofumigación. Se describe la clonación en base a DNA genómico y cDNA de cinco genes mayores implicados en la síntesis de glucosinolatos en subespecies diferentes de Brassica rapa, Bra.GSELONG.a, Bra.GSALK.a, Bra.CYP83B1, Bra.SUR1.a y Bra.ST5.a. El análisis comparativo de los genes GS-Elong, GS-Alk, GS-CYP83B1 y GS-ST5a con sus homólogos en las especies Brassica oleracea y Arabidopsis thaliana reveló una alta conservación en número y tamaño de exones. Se observaron diferencias en el número de exones en GS-SUR1 en las tres especies debido a mutaciones en los sitios de procesamiento, aunque las secuencias de estos exones mantienen una alta conservación. No se detectaron mayores diferencias en el tamaño y número de los intrones de estos genes en las tres especies, excepto para el intrón 1 de GS-Elong en dos subespecies de B. rapa. La clonación y el análisis de estos genes en B. rapa facilitarán su manipulación genética y análisis funcional.

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Genetics of aliphatic glucosinolates. III. Side chain structure of aliphatic glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 119 publications

References 12 publications

The TASTY Locus on Chromosome 1 of Arabidopsis Affects Feeding of the Insect Herbivore Trichoplusia ni

The TASTY Locus on Chromosome 1 of Arabidopsis Affects Feeding of the Insect Herbivore Trichoplusia ni

Synthetic biology of metabolism: using natural variation to reverse engineer systems

Variation of five major glucosinolate genes in Brassica rapa in relation to Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana

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