Genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an update

Akutagava-Martins, Gláucia Chiyoko; Rohde, Luís Augusto; Hutz, Mara Helena

doi:10.1586/14737175.2016.1130626

Cited by 72 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Most patients with ADHD diagnosed within the study had other family members with ADHD or other neuropsychiatric disorders. This highlights the strong heredity of ADHD, as previously described . Presence of ADHD within the family should be requested by the diabetes team early in order to provide the family with special support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

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Previously undiagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder associated with poor metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

et al. 2018

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Background Managing modern diabetes treatment requires efficient executive functions. Patients with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and type 1 diabetes have poor metabolic control and present with ketoacidosis more often than patients without ADHD. Objective To assess whether patients with type 1 diabetes and with indications of executive problems met criteria for ADHD, and to investigate whether these patients had difficulties achieving metabolic control. Methods In a hospital‐based study, including 3 pediatric departments at hospitals in Stockholm and Uppsala, Sweden, questionnaires regarding executive problems had been filled out by 12‐ to 18‐year‐old patients with type 1 diabetes and their parents. Out of 166 patients with completed questionnaires, 49 were selected for a clinical study due to reported executive problems/ADHD symptoms. However, 7 already had a diagnosis of ADHD, 21 denied follow‐up, 8 did not respond, leaving 13 adolescents for the clinical assessment. Results Of the clinically assessed adolescents, 9 (6 girls) met criteria for ADHD. Patients who did not respond to the follow‐up and patients who were diagnosed with ADHD within the study, showed to a larger extent than the other study groups high HbA1c levels (>70 mmol/mol, 8,6%). HbA1c >70 mmol/mol (8.6%) was associated with diagnosed ADHD (prior to or within the study), odds ratio 2.96 (95% confidence interval 1.02‐8.60). Conclusion Patients with type 1 diabetes and poor metabolic control should be assessed with regard to ADHD. There is a need for paying special attention to girls with poor metabolic control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…This highlights the strong heredity of ADHD, as previously described. 24 Presence of ADHD within the family should be requested by the diabetes team early in order to provide the family with special support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Previously undiagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder associated with poor metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

et al. 2018

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“…The symptoms should be present before 12 years of age, be clinically significant in ≥2 different environments and cause functional disabilities during ≥6 months. The heritability of ADHD is around 76%, suggesting a strong genetic role in ADHD aetiology (48). Thus parents of patients with ADHD are likely to carry the same condition.…”

Section: Executive Functioning Problems and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic conditions in adolescents

Jin

Wang

2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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The health problems related to the nervous system are on rise in young infants leading to high mortality amongst this age group. A chronic medical condition (CC) is present in this age group to the tune of 10–20%. We searched the electronic database PubMed for pre-clinical as well as clinical controlled trials reporting variable chronic conditions especially in pediatric patients. Most of these reports revealed that type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common CC in young infants. In female patients, metabolic control is often disturbed during CC in this age group. Poor metabolism regulation often results in long-term complications, including cognitive disorders. In cognitive disorders, memory loss and learning problems are the most among adolescents. Executive problems are observed to be associated with low physical activities. The review article concludes that knowledge about factors influencing treatment adherence is crucial in chronically ill infants. Further, we should focus on protective factors in order to prevent health risk behavior.

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“…ADHD is a heterogeneous disorder that is possibly affected by a variety of genetic and environmental factors [3]. As with other causes, the genetic etiology of ADHD is still unclear, and many studies have reported that the genes related to the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic pathways are significantly associated with ADHD [4,5,6,7]. Among these genes, the DRD4 and DAT1 gene VNTR polymorphisms of the dopaminergic pathway, HTR1B gene polymorphisms (rs6296 and rs6298) of the serotonergic pathway, and NET gene polymorphisms (rs2242446, rs28386840, and rs5569) of the noradrenergic pathway have shown a consistent association with ADHD in the various populations [8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) Gene uVNTR and rs6323 Polymorphisms with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Children

et al. 2018

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Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. The genetic cause of ADHD is still unclear, but the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic pathways have shown a strong association. In particular, monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) plays an important role in the catabolism of these neurotransmitters, suggesting that the MAOA gene is associated with ADHD. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the MAOA gene polymorphisms (uVNTR and rs6323) and ADHD. Materials and methods: We collected a total of 472 Korean children (150 ADHD cases and 322 controls) using the Korean version of the Dupaul Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scales (K-ARS). Genotyping was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP. The Behavior Assessment System for Children Second Edition (BASC-2) was used to evaluate the problem behaviors within ADHD children. Results: We observed significant associations between the rs6323 and ADHD in girls (p < 0.05) and the TT genotype was observed as a protective factor against ADHD in the recessive model (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.100–0.950, p = 0.022). The 3.5R-G haplotype showed a significant association in ADHD boys (p = 0.043). The analysis of subtype also revealed that the 4.5R allele of uVNTR was a risk factor for the development of ADHD in the combined symptom among girls (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.014–3.453, p = 0.031). In the BASC-2 analysis, the MAOA uVNTR polymorphism was associated with activities of daily living in ADHD boys (p = 0.017). Conclusion: These results suggest the importance of the MAOA gene polymorphisms in the development of ADHD in Korean children. A larger sample set and functional studies are required to further elucidate of our findings.

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Genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an update

Cited by 72 publications

References 108 publications

Previously undiagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder associated with poor metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Previously undiagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder associated with poor metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Chronic conditions in adolescents

Association of Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) Gene uVNTR and rs6323 Polymorphisms with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Children

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