Genetics of Body Size and Related Characters. I. Selecting Small and Large Races of the Laboratory Mouse

MacArthur, John W.

doi:10.1086/281181

Cited by 124 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…This line was originally formed from an F2 Intercross of the LG/J and SM/J mouse inbred strains obtained from The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA). LG/J mice were generated by a selection experiment for greater body weight at 60 days (Goodale 1938;Wilson et al, 1971) while the SM/J mice were selected for lesser body weight at 60 days (MacArthur, 1944). The original stock that produced LG/J mice is unknown (Goodale, 1938).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original stock that produced LG/J mice is unknown (Goodale, 1938). The base population from which the SM/J strain was derived was formed by a seven-way cross of various inbred strains (MacArthur, 1944). Both strains were accessioned by the Jackson Laboratories in the mid-twentieth century and have been maintained by brother-sister mating ever since (Chai, 1956).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-mapping quantitative trait loci affecting murine external ear tissue regeneration in the LG/J by SM/J advanced intercross line

et al. 2014

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External ear hole closure in LG/J mice represents a model of regenerative response. It is accompanied by the formation of a blastema-like structure and the re-growth of multiple tissues, including cartilage. The ability to regenerate tissue is heritable. An F34 advanced intercross line of mice (Wustl:LG,SM-G34) was generated to identify genomic loci involved in ear hole closure over a 30-day healing period. We mapped 19 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ear hole closure. Individual gene effects are relatively small (0.08 mm), and most loci have co-dominant effects with phenotypically intermediate heterozygotes. QTL support regions were limited to a median size of 2 Mb containing a median of 19 genes. Positional candidate genes were evaluated using differential transcript expression between LG/J and SM/J healing tissue, function analysis and bioinformatic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in and around positional candidate genes of interest. Analysis of the set of 34 positional candidate genes and those displaying expression differences revealed over-representation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation/DNA damage, cell migration and adhesion, developmentally related genes and metabolism. This indicates that the healing phenotype in LG/J mice involves multiple physiological mechanisms.

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Section: Materials and Methods Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Methods Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-mapping quantitative trait loci affecting murine external ear tissue regeneration in the LG/J by SM/J advanced intercross line

et al. 2014

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“…Breeding, husbandry and phenotypes The inbred mouse strains Large (LG/J), selected for large body size at 60 days (Goodale, 1938) and Small (SM/J), selected for small body size at 60 days (MacArthur, 1944), were intercrossed to create the mapping population used in this study. These lines show a 6-8 standard deviation difference in size related traits (Kramer et al, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of maternal effect QTL to genetic architecture of early growth in mice

et al. 2002

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Existing approaches to characterizing quantitative trait loci (QTL) utilize a paradigm explicitly focused on the direct effects of genes, where phenotypic variation among individuals is mapped onto genetic variation of those individuals. For many characters, however, the genotype of the mother via its maternal effect accounts for a considerable portion of the genetically based variation in progeny phenotypes. Thus the focus on direct effect QTL may result in an insufficient or misleading characterization of genetic architecture due to the omission of the potentially important source of genetic variance contributed by maternal effects. We analyze the relative contribution of direct and maternal effect (ME) QTL to early growth in mice using a three-generation intercross of the Small (SM/J) and Large (LG/J) inbred mouse lineages. Using interval mapping and composite interval mapping, direct effect (DE) QTL for early growth (change in body mass during the interval from week 1 to 2) were detected in the F 2 generation of the intercross (n = 510), where no maternal genetic effect variance is present (all individuals are progeny

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“…These strains were independently derived through artificial selection for either large or small body weight at 60 days of age (Goodale 1938;MacArthur 1944;Chai 1956) and have been inbred for .120 generations, making them essentially devoid of within-strain genetic variation. This population is an excellent candidate for the analysis of maternal effects because previous analyses (Kramer et al 1998;Jarvis et al 2005) have suggested that maternal effects are a major source of variation for many traits.…”

Section: Experimental Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling Prenatal and Postnatal Maternal Genetic Effects Reveals Persistent Prenatal Effects on Offspring Growth in Mice

et al. 2011

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Mothers are often the most important determinant of traits expressed by their offspring. These "maternal effects" (MEs) are especially crucial in early development, but can also persist into adulthood. They have been shown to play a role in a diversity of evolutionary and ecological processes, especially when genetically based. Although the importance of MEs is becoming widely appreciated, we know little about their underlying genetic basis. We address the dearth of genetic data by providing a simple approach, using combined genotype information from parents and offspring, to identify "maternal genetic effects" (MGEs) contributing to natural variation in complex traits. Combined with experimental cross-fostering, our approach also allows for the separation of pre-and postnatal MGEs, providing rare insights into prenatal effects. Applying this approach to an experimental mouse population, we identified 13 ME loci affecting body weight, most of which (12/13) exhibited prenatal effects, and nearly half (6/13) exhibiting postnatal effects. MGEs contributed more to variation in body weight than the direct effects of the offsprings' own genotypes until mice reached adulthood, but continued to represent a major component of variation through adulthood. Prenatal effects always contributed more variation than postnatal effects, especially for those effects that persisted into adulthood. These results suggest that MGEs may be an important component of genetic architecture that is generally overlooked in studies focused on direct mapping from genotype to phenotype. Our approach can be used in both experimental and natural populations, providing a widely practicable means of expanding our understanding of MGEs.

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Genetics of Body Size and Related Characters. I. Selecting Small and Large Races of the Laboratory Mouse

Cited by 124 publications

References 0 publications

Fine-mapping quantitative trait loci affecting murine external ear tissue regeneration in the LG/J by SM/J advanced intercross line

Fine-mapping quantitative trait loci affecting murine external ear tissue regeneration in the LG/J by SM/J advanced intercross line

Contribution of maternal effect QTL to genetic architecture of early growth in mice

Disentangling Prenatal and Postnatal Maternal Genetic Effects Reveals Persistent Prenatal Effects on Offspring Growth in Mice

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