Genetics of dopamine receptors and drug addiction: a comprehensive review

Foll, Bernard Le; Gallo, Alexandra; Strat, Yann Le; Lü, Lin; Gorwood, Philip

doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283242f05

Cited by 351 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 288 publications

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“…The fact that there is an increase of DA transmission at the level of D 3 receptors give further validity to the hypothesis that blocking DA transmission at the level of D 3 could be an effective strategy for nicotine addiction (Khaled et al, 2010;Le Foll et al, 2007). Further studies should explore the role of the ventral pallidum in drug addiction (Kemppainen et al, 2012) and notably the role of the D 3 receptors (Le Foll et al, 2009a;Tziortzi et al, 2011) in this area.…”

Section: (C) Expectancy Factor (Tobacco Craving Questionnaire Tcq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevations in extracellular DA induced by smoking have been associated to either craving (Brody et al, 2006;Brody et al, 2004), improved mood (Barrett et al, 2004;Brody et al, 2009;Montgomery et al, 2007) or greater puff volume (Brody et al, 2010). Therefore, the role of DA in nicotine addiction still remains unclear (refer to the study by Le Foll et al (2009a) for a review). While some authors agree that DA signaling at the D2/3 receptor appears to mediate the rewarding and motivational effects of nicotine, other have argued that DA may instead mediate aversion to acute nicotine or nicotine withdrawal (Grieder et al, 2012;Laviolette and Van Der Kooy, 2003a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevation of Dopamine Induced by Cigarette Smoking: Novel Insights from a [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study in Humans

Foll

Guranda

Wilson

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Positron emission tomography (PET) has convincingly provided in vivo evidence that psychoactive drugs increase dopamine (DA) levels in human brain, a feature thought critical to their reinforcing properties. Some controversy still exists concerning the role of DA in reinforcing smoking behavior and no study has explored whether smoking increases DA concentrations at the D3 receptor, speculated to have a role in nicotine's addictive potential. Here, we used PET and]oxazin-9-ol) to test the hypothesis that smoking increases DA release (decreases [ 11 C]-( þ )-PHNO binding) in D2-rich striatum and D3-rich extra-striatal regions and is related to craving, withdrawal and smoking behavior. Ten participants underwent [ 11 C]-( þ )-PHNO scans after overnight abstinence and after smoking a cigarette. Motivation to smoke (smoking topography), mood, and craving were recorded. Smoking significantly decreased self-reported craving, withdrawal, and [ 11 C]-( þ )-PHNO binding in D2 and D3-rich areas ( À 12.0 and À 15.3%, respectively). We found that motivation to smoke (puff rate) predicted magnitude of DA release in limbic striatum, and the latter was correlated with decreased craving and withdrawal symptoms. This is the first report suggesting that, in humans, DA release is increased in D3-rich areas in response to smoking. Results also support the preferential involvement of the limbic striatum in motivation to smoke, anticipation of pleasure from cigarettes and relief of withdrawal symptoms. We propose that due to the robust effect of smoking on [ 11 C]-( þ )-PHNO binding, this radiotracer represents an ideal translational tool to investigate novel therapeutic strategies targeting DA transmission.

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Section: (C) Expectancy Factor (Tobacco Craving Questionnaire Tcq)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation of Dopamine Induced by Cigarette Smoking: Novel Insights from a [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study in Humans

Foll

Guranda

Wilson

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Such a finding is not surprising given that these two systems are the most often examined neurotransmitters in all types of addiction disorders [36,37]. In case of dopamine, the role of the brain reward system is most likely to be involved [38], whereas in case of serotonin, the regulation of behavioral inhibition is most likely to be involved [39]. Nevertheless, the available published studies refer exclusively to genetic etiological factors, which are also reported in other types of addictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Genetics of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Systematic Review

Gyollai¹,

Griffiths²,

Barta³

et al. 2014

CPD

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Background and aims:The primary aim of the present review was to summarize the findings of genetic studies conducted on problem and pathological gambling. Method: Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Medline and the HuGE Navigator databases using the keywords 'gambling' and 'genetic*'. Results: The literature searches identified 21 empirical studies that had analyzed data from eight independent samples. Empirical research utilizing twin data accounted for eight of the studies, while gene association data were presented in 13 studies (including one genome wide-association study [GWAS] study). Twin studies emphasized the significant role of genetic and individual environmental factors in problem and pathological gambling. Gene association studies primarily reported the involvement of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. Discussion: Despite the relatively low number of genetic studies, the data clearly indicated the genetic vulnerability of problem and pathological gambling. Studies to date have mainly investigated and verified the role of factors reported to be important in other types of addiction, and it is suggested that pathological gambling should be included as a subtype of 'Reward Deficiency Syndrome' (RDS). It is concluded that future research should attempt to identify possible gambling specific susceptibility factors.Keywords: Problem/pathological gambling, gambling addiction, behavioral addiction, systematic review, twin studies, genetic association studies, reward deficiency syndrome. INTRODUCTIONPathological gambling is a chronic, progressive disorder that is often associated with serious financial consequences, loss of employment, substance use, health problems, relationship problems, and criminalization [1,2]. Although pathological gambling is still classified among impulse control disorders, it has now been classified as an addiction disorder in the new DSM-V. With this change, gambling disorder is the first behavioral addiction [3,4] to be officially considered an addictive disorder. As with all addictions, pathological gambling disorder is a multi-causal behavior. In addition to the relatively widely researched social and psychological etiological factors, more recent research has emphasized the importance of neurobiological factors. Despite the increase in neurobiological research, the number of studies examining the genetic aspects of pathological gambling is low compared to chemical addictions [5].There are now well-defined methods available for the analysis of genetic factors. Both twin and adoption studies enable the analysis of the individual and epistatic effects of genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors. Furthermore, molecular genetic studies do not typically allow for the estimation of the genetic effect in general, but for the identification of one or more specific genetic factors. The aim of the present paper is to provide a systematic review and summary of all the empirical research concerning the genetic background of problem and...

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“…Following these very early studies Blum and Noble and their respective groups reported on the first ever confirmed association of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) and severe alcoholism [17]. While the findings were controversial at the time, [18] it is confirmed [19] and remains the most widely studied gene in psychiatric genetics. The discovery lead to the development of an entire field of medicineknown as Psychiatric Genetics and it has 14,937 publications as of 10/26/14 on PubMed.…”

Section: Embracing New Solutions and Genetic Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 87%

Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Is there a Solution?

Blum¹

2014

J Alcohol Drug Depend

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Genetics of dopamine receptors and drug addiction: a comprehensive review

Cited by 351 publications

References 288 publications

Elevation of Dopamine Induced by Cigarette Smoking: Novel Insights from a [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study in Humans

Elevation of Dopamine Induced by Cigarette Smoking: Novel Insights from a [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study in Humans

The Genetics of Problem and Pathological Gambling: A Systematic Review

Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Is there a Solution?

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