Genetics of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Ghosh, Amalendu; Jagdale, Shounak; Basavaraj,; Dietzgen, Ralf G.; Jain, Rakesh

doi:10.1007/s10340-019-01160-2

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…No change in color with DNA of thrips collected from chilli, onion, tomato, and grape plants confirmed that different thrips species were present between the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and large-subunit rRNA genes. This hypervariable region has been preferred by several workers for discrimination of thrips at the species level because of a larger interspecific genetic distance than mtCoI (Glover et al 2010;Przybylska et al 2015Przybylska et al , 2017Ghosh et al 2020). Recent reports of several variants of mtCoI in T. palmi (Iftikhar et al 2016;Tyagi et al 2017;Ghosh et al 2020) were another reason to choose ITS2 over mtCoI in designing the RPA primers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundnut bud necrosis virus is transmitted by T. palmi and causes losses of more than US $89 million per annum across Asia (Reddy et al 1995 ; Jagdale and Ghosh 2019 , Ghosh et al 2019 ). It has widely invaded the Pacific, Florida, the Caribbean, South America, Africa, and Australia (Bhatti 1980 ; Johnson 1986 ; Guyot 1988 ; Pantoja et al 1988 ; Cooper 1991 ; Palmer 1992 ; Monteiro et al 1995 ; EPPO 2014 ; Jangra et al 2020a , Ghosh et al 2020 ). T. palmi and the viruses it transmits are not yet established in Europe and it is listed as a quarantine pest by EPPO ( 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rapid field-based assay using recombinase polymerase amplification for identification of Thrips palmi, a vector of tospoviruses

et al. 2020

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Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an important pest of vegetables, ornamentals, and legumes worldwide. Besides damage caused by feeding, it transmits several tospoviruses. Identification of T. palmi at an early stage is crucial in implementing appropriate pest management strategies. Morpho-taxonomic identification of T. palmi based on the adult stage is time-consuming and needs taxonomic expertise. Here, we report a rapid, on-site, field-based assay for identification of T. palmi based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), its first application in insects. RPA primers designed based on 3′ polymorphisms of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 region efficiently discriminated T. palmi without any cross-reactivity to other predominant thrips species. RPA was performed with crude DNA, extracted from single T. palmi simply by crushing in sterile distilled water and could be completed within 20 min by holding the reaction tubes in the hand. The assay was further simplified by using fluorescent as well as colorimetric dyes thus eliminating the gel-electrophoresis steps. The presence of T. palmi was visualized by a change in color from dark blue to sky blue. The assay was validated with known thrips specimens and found to be effective in diagnosing the presence of T. palmi in natural vegetation. This on-site, rapid assay for diagnosis of T. palmi can be used by non-expert personnel in the field of quarantine and pest management. Keywords RPA • Melon thrips • Insect vector • Tospovirus transmission • Thrips diagnostics Key message • Thrips palmi an important pest of vegetables and ornamentals transmitting several tospoviruses • Morpho-taxonomic identification stage-specific, timeconsuming, and needs taxonomic expertise • Rapid, on-site, field-based assay for identification of T. palmi using recombinase polymerase amplification • Assay uses crude extract of T. palmi, completed within 20 min by holding the reaction tubes in hand without use of sophisticated laboratory instruments • The presence of T. palmi visualized by a change in reaction color • Useful for non-expert personnel in field-based identification, quarantine, and adopting suitable pest management strategies

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid field-based assay using recombinase polymerase amplification for identification of Thrips palmi, a vector of tospoviruses

et al. 2020

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“…COI is the most extensively used for identification of insect species due to its wide acceptance as a universal barcode [18,39,40]. In case of thrips, COI is hypervariable and considered for haplotype or cryptic species determination [14][15][16][17]48], whereas COIII and ITS regions provide additional advantages at species-level identification due to larger interspecific distance than COI [14,41]. In the present study, ITS2 and COIII sequences were used to design species-specific primers of the four thrips vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR-based techniques have proved useful for species-level identification of several thrips species using molecular markers [11][12][13]. Although cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) has been widely used for species level identification of insects, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome oxidase subunit III (COIII) offer additional advantages for identification of thrips at species-level because of larger interspecific distance than COI [14][15][16][17]48]. In the present study, ITS2 and COIII sequences were utilized and a multiplex PCR assay has been successfully developed for simple, rapid, specific, and concurrent identification of major thrips vectors viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiplex PCR assay for rapid identification of major tospovirus vectors reported in India

et al. 2020

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Background: To date, four thrips vectors have been reported to transmit five different tospoviruses in India. Their identification at an early stage is crucial in formulating appropriate pest management strategies. Since morphometric key-based thrips identification based on the adult stage is time-consuming, there is a need to develop diagnostic tools which are rapid, accurate, and independent of developmental stages. Here, we report a multiplex PCR assay to identify four major thrips vectors viz. Thrips palmi, T. tabaci, Scirtothrips dorsalis, and Frankliniella schultzei present in India. Results: Cytochrome oxidase subunit III and internal transcribed spacer region 2 were utilized to design speciesspecific primers. Of 38 pairs of primers tested, primer pairs AG35F-AG36R, AG47F-AG48R, AG87F-AG88R, and AG79F-AG80R amplified 568 bp, 713 bp, 388 bp, and 200 bp products from the DNA templates of T. palmi, S. dorsalis, T. tabaci, and F. schultzei, respectively at same PCR conditions. The specificity of the primer pairs was validated with a large number of known specimens and no cross-reactivity was observed with other thrips species. The multiplex PCR assay with a cocktail of all the four primer pairs detected four thrips vectors efficiently and could discriminate all of them concurrently in a single reaction. Conclusion: The multiplex PCR reported in this study could identify the major thrips vectors reported in India. The assay will be useful in ascertaining distribution profile of major thrips vectors, disease epidemiology, screening large samples, and quarantine.

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“…The distribution of T. palmi was thought to be restricted to southern Asia, but it has spread throughout Asia in recent decades. T. palmi has widely invaded the Pacific, Florida, the Caribbean, South America, Africa, and Australia [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. It is now considered the predominant tospovirus vector in Asia [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression of Watermelon Bud Necrosis Virus Infection in Its Vector, Thrips palmi

Ghosh

Priti

Mandal

et al. 2021

Cells

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Thrips are important pests of agricultural, horticultural, and forest crops worldwide. In addition to direct damages caused by feeding, several thrips species can transmit diverse tospoviruses. The present understanding of thrips–tospovirus relationships is largely based on studies of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Little is known about other predominant tospoviruses and their thrips vectors. In this study, we report the progression of watermelon bud necrosis virus (WBNV) infection in its vector, melon thrips (Thrips palmi). Virus infection was visualized in different life stages of thrips using WBNV-nucleocapsid protein antibodies detected with FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies. The anterior midgut was the first to be infected with WBNV in the first instar larvae. The midgut of T. palmi was connected to the principal salivary glands (PSG) via ligaments and the tubular salivary glands (TSG). The infection progressed to the PSG primarily through the connecting ligaments during early larval instars. The TSG may also have an ancillary role in disseminating WBNV from the midgut to PSG in older instars of T. palmi. Infection of WBNV was also spread to the Malpighian tubules, hindgut, and posterior portion of the foregut during the adult stage. Maximum virus-specific fluorescence in the anterior midgut and PSG indicated the primary sites for WBNV replication. These findings will help to better understand the thrips–tospovirus molecular relationships and identify novel potential targets for their management. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the WBNV dissemination path in its vector, T. palmi.

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Genetics of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Cited by 29 publications

References 99 publications

A rapid field-based assay using recombinase polymerase amplification for identification of Thrips palmi, a vector of tospoviruses

A rapid field-based assay using recombinase polymerase amplification for identification of Thrips palmi, a vector of tospoviruses

A multiplex PCR assay for rapid identification of major tospovirus vectors reported in India

Progression of Watermelon Bud Necrosis Virus Infection in Its Vector, Thrips palmi

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