Genetics of Zwittermicin A Production by
            <i>Bacillus cereus</i>

Emmert, Elizabeth A. B.; Klimowicz, Amy K.; Thomas, Michael G.; Handelsman, Jo

doi:10.1128/aem.70.1.104-113.2004

Cited by 112 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Transposon mutagenesis of B. cereus UW85 identified insertions in genes coding for NRPS and PKS enzymology that abolished ZmA production (12). Sequencing of a 19-kb fragment of the ZmA biosynthesis gene cluster identified genes coding for NRPS and PKS enzymology (12). Furthermore, other groups investigating ZmA biosynthesis in B. thuringiensis strains have identified genes coding for NRPS modules that are essential for ZmA biosynthesis in these strains (35,49,50).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Support for the involvement of this type of enzymology in ZmA biosynthesis comes from a combination of genetic and biochemical studies. Transposon mutagenesis of B. cereus UW85 identified insertions in genes coding for NRPS and PKS enzymology that abolished ZmA production (12). Sequencing of a 19-kb fragment of the ZmA biosynthesis gene cluster identified genes coding for NRPS and PKS enzymology (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We previously proposed that the biosynthesis of ZmA involves the condensation of the amino acids L-Ser and L-2,3-diaminopropionate (L-Dap), along with the carboxylic acid precursors malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), (2S)-aminomalonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP), and (2R)-hydroxymalonyl-ACP (4,12). The proposal for L-Ser incorporation was made prior to the full elucidation of the stereochemistry of ZmA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of the Complete Zwittermicin A Biosynthesis Gene Cluster fromBacillus cereus

Kevany

Rasko

Thomas

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Bacillus cereus UW85 produces the linear aminopolyol antibiotic zwittermicin A (ZmA). This antibiotic has diverse biological activities, such as suppression of disease in plants caused by protists, inhibition of fungal and bacterial growth, and amplification of the insecticidal activity of the toxin protein from Bacillus thuringiensis. ZmA has an unusual chemical structure that includes a D amino acid and ethanolamine and glycolyl moieties, as well as having an unusual terminal amide that is generated from the modification of the nonproteinogenic amino acid ␤-ureidoalanine. The diverse biological activities and unusual structure of ZmA have stimulated our efforts to understand how this antibiotic is biosynthesized. Here, we present the identification of the complete ZmA biosynthesis gene cluster from B. cereus UW85. A nearly identical gene cluster is identified on a plasmid from B. cereus AH1134, and we show that this strain is also capable of producing ZmA. Bioinformatics and biochemical analyses of the ZmA biosynthesis enzymes strongly suggest that ZmA is initially biosynthesized as part of a larger metabolite that is processed twice, resulting in the formation of ZmA and two additional metabolites. Additionally, we propose that the biosynthesis gene cluster for the production of the amino sugar kanosamine is contained within the ZmA biosynthesis gene cluster in B. cereus UW85.

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Characterization of the Complete Zwittermicin A Biosynthesis Gene Cluster fromBacillus cereus

Kevany

Rasko

Thomas

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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153

128

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“…Since the discovery of the pksX system in the genome of B. subtilis 168, its function has been subject to ample speculation, with difficidin commonly being discussed as its metabolic product (42). So far, no genetic structure could be functionally assigned to the biosynthesis of this or any other polyketide in bacilli, except for the zwittermicin system, in which a part of the genes contributing to its biosynthesis have recently been uncovered (12).…”

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Structural and Functional Characterization of Three Polyketide Synthase Gene Clusters in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB 42

et al. 2006

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Although bacterial polyketides are of considerable biomedical interest, the molecular biology of polyketide biosynthesis in Bacillus spp., one of the richest bacterial sources of bioactive natural products, remains largely unexplored. Here we assign for the first time complete polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters to Bacillus antibiotics. Three giant modular PKS systems of the trans-acyltransferase type were identified in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB 42. One of them, pks1, is an ortholog of the pksX operon with a previously unknown function in the sequenced model strain Bacillus subtilis 168, while the pks2 and pks3 clusters are novel gene clusters. Cassette mutagenesis combined with advanced mass spectrometric techniques such as matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry revealed that the pks1 (bae) and pks3 (dif) gene clusters encode the biosynthesis of the polyene antibiotics bacillaene and difficidin or oxydifficidin, respectively. In addition, B. subtilis OKB105 (pheA sfp 0 ), a transformant of the B. subtilis 168 derivative JH642, was shown to produce bacillaene, demonstrating that the pksX gene cluster directs the synthesis of that polyketide.Environmental Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB 42 is distinguished from the domesticated model organism Bacillus subtilis 168 (23) by several features important for rhizosphere competence particularly by its abilities to suppress competitive organisms present in the plant rhizosphere (17, 21) and to promote plant growth (16). In a previous contribution (20), we have reported that B. amyloliquefaciens FZB 42 is a producer of three families of lipopeptides, surfactins, bacillomycins D, and fengycins, which are well-known secondary metabolites with mainly antifungal activity. They are also produced by numerous B. subtilis strains (48). Furthermore, three giant gene clusters containing genes with homology to polyketide synthase (PKS) genes of modular organization were identified but not assigned functional roles. Mutants of FZB 42 deficient in the synthesis of cyclic lipopeptides were unable to suppress phytopathogenic fungi but still retained their antibacterial potency.Polyketides belong to a large family of secondary metabolites that include many bioactive compounds with antibacterial, immunosuppressive, antitumor, or other physiologically relevant bioactivities. Their biosynthesis is accomplished by stepwise decarboxylative Claisen condensations between the extender unit and the growing polyketide chain, generating enzyme-bound ␤-ketoacyl intermediates. Before a subsequent round of chain extension, a variable set of modifying enzymes can locally introduce structural variety. Similar to the nonribosomal synthesis of peptides, the PKS multienzyme system uses acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) that are posttranslationally modified with the 4Ј-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group to channel the growing polyketide intermediate during elongation processes (3). Type I PKSs...

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“…medicaginis on alfalfa. This strain was reported to produces two antibiotics (zwittermicin A and kanosamine) that contribute to its ability to suppress certain plant diseases (Emmert and Handelsman 1999, Emmert et al 2004, Lozano et al 2016). …”

Section: Isolation Screening and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of bio-controlling agent Bacillus cereus IB311 on the agricultural crop production and its biomass optimization through response surface methodology

Banerjee

Gorthi

Chattopadhyay

2018

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Disease in agricultural field is a big problem that causes a massive loss in production. In this present investigation, we have reported a soil-borne bacterium Bacillus cereus IB311 which is antagonistic to plant pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium tumefaciens), and could make a substantial contribution to the prevention of plant diseases. To prove the practical application, the strain was directly applied in agricultural field. The results demonstrated that B. cereus IB311 has increased the production (20% and 26% in term of average pod number per plant, average seed number per pod, and seed yield per experimental plot) in ground nut (Arachis hypogaea var. Koushal, G201) and sesame (Sesamum indicum var. Kanak), respectively. To reduce the production cost, the biomass production was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Interactions of three variables (glucose, beef extract and inoculum) were studied using Central Composite Design. According to our analysis, optimum production of Bacillus cereus IB311 (5.383 µg/ mL) may be obtained at glucose 1.985%, beef extract 1.615% and inoculums size 0.757%. Therefore, we strongly believe that the application of this strain in agricultural field as biocontrolling agent will definitely enhance the production yield and will reduce the disease risk.

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Genetics of Zwittermicin A Production by Bacillus cereus

Cited by 112 publications

References 60 publications

Characterization of the Complete Zwittermicin A Biosynthesis Gene Cluster fromBacillus cereus

Characterization of the Complete Zwittermicin A Biosynthesis Gene Cluster fromBacillus cereus

Structural and Functional Characterization of Three Polyketide Synthase Gene Clusters in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB 42

Beneficial effects of bio-controlling agent Bacillus cereus IB311 on the agricultural crop production and its biomass optimization through response surface methodology

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