Genetics, physiology and perinatal influences in childhood obesity: view from the Chair

Mitchell, Grant A.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.16

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The cAMP-PKA pathway modulates the expression of downstream target genes, such as HSL, a rate-limiting enzyme for diacylglycerol [40] hydrolysis of lipids [41]. Although HSL was expressed at high levels in CRTC3-overexpressing adipocytes, the expression of ATGL, the rate-limiting enzyme in TG synthesis [42], was not changed in CRTC3-overexpressing cells. Moreover, HSL also represents a marker of late adipocyte differentiation and its expression is induced by lipid accumulation and is increased during adipogenesis [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of porcine CRTC3 overexpression on subcutaneous adipocytes with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Meat quality is largely driven by fat deposition, which is regulated by several genes and signaling pathways. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) -regulated transcriptional coactivator 3 (CRTC3) is a coactivator of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) that mediates the function of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway and is involved in various biological processes including lipid and energy metabolism. However, the effects of CRTC3 on the metabolome and transcriptome of porcine subcutaneous adipocytes have not been studied yet. Here, we tested whether porcine CRTC3 expression would be related to fat deposition in Heigai pigs (a local fatty breed in China) and Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY, a lean breed) pigs in vivo. The effects of adenovirus-induced CRTC3 overexpression on the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of subcutaneous adipocytes were also determined in vitro by performing mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Results Porcine CRTC3 expression is associated with fat deposition in vivo. In addition, CRTC3 overexpression increased lipid accumulation and the expression of mature adipocyte-related genes in cultured porcine subcutaneous adipocytes. According to the metabolomic analysis, CRTC3 overexpression induced significant changes in adipocyte lipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolites in vitro. The RNA-seq analysis suggested that CRTC3 overexpression alters the expression of genes and pathways involved in adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in vitro. Conclusions We identified significant alterations in the metabolite composition and the expression of genes and pathways involved in lipid metabolism in CRTC3-overexpressing adipocytes. Our results suggest that CRTC3 might play an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism and thus affects lipid accumulation in porcine subcutaneous adipocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of porcine CRTC3 overexpression on subcutaneous adipocytes with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…Body weight is determined by a multitude of factors, including genetics and biology (Carnell & Wardle, 2008; Mitchell, 2009), behavior (e.g., energy-dense diet) (Hubácek, 2009), and individual-level social determinants (e.g., education) (McLaren, 2007). Recent evidence suggests the importance of contextual aspects of social determinants such as characteristics of “obesogenic” neighborhood environments that affect weight and related health behaviors (Hill, Wyatt, Reed, & Peters, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity: The role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments

Carroll‐Scott

Gilstad‐Hayden

Rosenthal

et al. 2013

Social Science & Medicine

352

221

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Obesity prevalence among US children and adolescents has tripled in the past three decades. Consequently, dramatic increases in chronic disease incidence are expected, particularly among populations already experiencing health disparities. Recent evidence identifies characteristics of “obesogenic” neighborhood environments that affect weight and weight-related behaviors. This study aimed to examine associations between built, socioeconomic, and social characteristics of a child’s residential environment on body mass index (BMI), diet, and physical activity. We focused on pre-adolescent children living in New Haven, Connecticut to better understand neighborhood environments’ contribution to persistent health disparities. Participants were 1048 fifth and sixth grade students who completed school-based health surveys and physical measures in fall 2009. Student data were linked to US Census, parks, retailer, and crime data. Analyses were conducted using multilevel modeling. Property crimes and living further from a grocery store were associated with higher BMI. Students living within a 5-min walk of a fast food outlet had higher BMI, and those living in a tract with higher density of fast food outlets reported less frequent healthy eating and more frequent unhealthy eating. Students’ reported perceptions of access to parks, playgrounds, and gyms were associated with more frequent healthy eating and exercise. Students living in more affluent neighborhoods reported more frequent healthy eating, less unhealthy eating, and less screen time. Neighborhood social ties were positively associated with frequency of exercise. In conclusion, distinct domains of neighborhood environment characteristics were independently related to children’s BMI and health behaviors. Findings link healthy behaviors with built, social, and socioeconomic environment assets (access to parks, social ties, affluence), and unhealthy behaviors with built environment inhibitors (access to fast food outlets), suggesting neighborhood environments are an important level at which to intervene to prevent childhood obesity and its adverse consequences.

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“…The persisting epidemic of childhood obesity worldwide has led the health policymakers to rank it as a critical concern in public health . Although genes, physiology, and environment are all considered to contribute to childhood obesity , environmental factors are believed to constitute a major cause to the present obesity trend . As many countries have been undergoing rapid socioeconomic transitions, China has also been facing the transition from under‐ to over‐nutrition problems, but the development is not equal in urban and rural areas , where the childhood obesity is concentrated in the urban areas with high socioeconomic status (SES), like capital cities .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular trends of obesity prevalence in Chinese children from 1985 to 2010: Urban-rural disparity

Song

Wang

et al. 2014

Obesity

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Objective: To examine the trend of urban-rural disparity in obesity prevalence among Chinese children from 1985 to 2010. Methods: The data were from five cross-sectional surveys (1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010) of Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health. Logistic regression was used to estimate the prevalence odds ratio (POR) of urban-rural areas for obesity prevalence in different surveys.Results: The standardized prevalence of obesity in Chinese children increased rapidly from 0.1% in 1985 to 5.0% in 2010, and significant differences were found between two adjacent surveys in most of the age subgroups (P < 0.01). Although the obesity prevalence was significantly higher in urban than in rural children of all age subgroups at different survey points, the changing pace was faster in rural than in urban areas from 1995 to 2010. The PORs had increased in 1995 in most age subgroups and then began to decline in all age subgroups after 1995. Conclusions: The gradually decreasing urban-rural disparity suggests that the obesity prevalence in rural areas would contribute to a growing proportion of obese children. Therefore, rural children should be included in obesity prevention efforts even though obesity rates are still lower in rural than in urban areas.

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Genetics, physiology and perinatal influences in childhood obesity: view from the Chair

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of porcine CRTC3 overexpression on subcutaneous adipocytes with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses

Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of porcine CRTC3 overexpression on subcutaneous adipocytes with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses

Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity: The role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments

Secular trends of obesity prevalence in Chinese children from 1985 to 2010: Urban-rural disparity

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