Genital HPV infection among heterosexual and homosexual male attendees of sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Beijing, China

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as etiologic agent of various cancers for both men and women. However, HPV vaccine has not been recommended for men in China by far. To provide more evidences to promote HPV vaccination among males at high-risk of infection, this study investigated genital HPV genotypes among male attendees of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. Male attendees (⩾18 years old) were recruited from STD clinic of Beijing Ditan Hospital. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported sexual behaviors were collected based on questionnaire. Genital swab specimens were collected for HPV genotypes. Finally, a total of 198 eligible participants were included in the study. Nearly half of them were infected with at least one type of HPV. The prevalence of genital infection among participants with only heterosexual behaviors (50·91%, 56/110) was significantly higher than those with only homosexual behaviors (36·36%, 32/88) (P < 0·001). However, the distribution pattern of the most frequently observed HPV subtypes were found to be similar between these two subgroups. HPV31, HPV18, HPV16 and HPV58 were the most frequently identified high-risk types and HPV11, HPV6, HPV81 and HPV61 were the most frequently observed low-risk types. Our results, although need further verification by larger sample size, suggested that currently available HPV vaccines covered most prevalent HPV types observed in Chinese men. As HPV vaccine has been approved for application in females in China, molecular epidemiological studies and intervention studies among high-risk males should be promoted as well.

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Among Attendees at a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic in Urban Tianjin, China

“…The rate of infection with multiple HPV subtypes in females was 25.78%, higher than that in Tianjin, Sichuan, and Xinjiang Provinces (7.72%, 21.0%, and 19.08%, respectively). [21][22][23] Multiple infections accounted for 46.60% of male patients with HPV infection at STD clinics in Beijing, 25 similar to our finding (44.53%). The above results suggest that the rate of infection with multiple HPV subtypes in high-risk populations is higher than that in the general population.…”

“…The HPV infection rate of males was 50.79%, similar to that among male patients at an STD clinic in Beijing (44.44%). 25 The HPV infection rates among healthy males in the United States (Tampa, Florida), Brazil (Sao Paulo), and Mexico (Curnahuaca) were reportedly 32.5-34.5%, 26 lower than in this study. Therefore, STD outpatients are at high risk of HPV infection because of their greater exposure to STDs.…”

“… 31–33 HPV6, 11, 31, and 16/18 were the major genotypes among males at an STD clinic in Beijing. 25 In Urban Chengdu, Xi’an, Taiyuan, and Shenzhen, the main genotypes among men-who-have-sex-with-men were HPV6, 18, 16, and 11. 34 , 35 HPV6, 11, 52, and 16 were the four most common HPV subtypes among patients with genital warts in Urban Xi’an.…”

Circumcision to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data

“…We identified 67 publications that were eligible for our anal ysis, 13-50,63-91 arising from 62 independent observational studies (119 248 participants). 33 17 reported STIs other than HIV as outcomes, 16,20,23,33,35,36,40,43,[46][47][48][49][50]65,68,70,74 and 12 reported both HIV infection and other STIs as outcomes. 17,25,27,32,34,39,41,[71][72][73]79,87,88,91 Four studies-two for HIV 15, 29 and two for other STIs 65,70were excluded from the meta-analysis because they did not report data necessary to calculate ORs (figure 1).…”

“…Cumulative meta-analysis Men (n) Kreiss et al (1993) 73 Lafferty et al (1997) 74 Mor et al (2007) 79 Templeton et al (2009) 88 Jameson et al (2010) 71 Jozkowski et al (2010) 72 Zou et al (2010) 91 Goldstone et al (2011) 68 Mor et al (2012) 16 van Aar et al (2013) 27 van Aar et al (2013) 27 Pando et al (2013) 25 Canadas et al (2013) 20 Hu et al (2013) 23 Hu et al (2013) 23 Zeng et al (2014) 32 Zou et al (2014) 33 Liu et al (2015) 34 Okafor et al (2015) 35 Rebe et al (2015) 36 Qian et al (2016) 41 Crosby et al (2016) 39 Lee et al (2016) 40 Somia et al (2016) 43 Raghavendran et al (2017) 47 Qian et al (2017) 46 Tian et al (2017) 48 Xin et al (2017) 50 Wahome et al (2017) 49 Overall Heterogeneity I 2 =8% 496 744 20 832 1396 3828 24 900 390 589 448 310 453 482 450 204 446 520 163 690 423 200 1095 346 133 49 274 650 500 88 312 61 411…”