Genital ulcers caused by herpes simplex virus

Parra-Sánchez, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2019.01.001

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…HSV-2 infection manifests in the form of painful, itchy, and often recurrent ulcers in the genital tracts. [3] , [4] , [5] , 11 It can also be transmitted vertically from mother to child, causing neonatal herpes, a disease condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. 12 , 13 HSV-2 infection has been linked to a nearly 3-fold increase in HIV acquisition and transmission, [14] , [15] , [16] indicating an epidemiological synergy between the two infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Asia: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

AlMukdad

Harfouche

Wettstein

et al. 2021

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

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Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection worldwide. This systematic review was conducted to characterize HSV-2 epidemiology in Asia, including the World Health Organization regions of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific.Methods: Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines were followed to systematically review and report findings. Pooled mean seroprevalence and proportions of HSV-2 isolated in genital ulcer disease (GUD) and in genital herpes were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses. Meta-regressions were also conducted. Quality assessment was performed.Findings: HSV-2 measures extracted from 173 publications included 15 seroconversion rates, 11 seroincidence rates, 272 overall seroprevalence measures (678 stratified), 14 proportions of HSV-2 isolation in GUD (15 stratified), and 27 proportions of HSV-2 isolation in genital herpes (36 stratified). Pooled mean seroprevalence was 12.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.0-13.2%) among general populations, 23.6% (95% CI: 20.9-26.3%) among men who have sex with men and transgender people, 46.0% (95% CI: 39.2-52.9%) among HIV-positive individuals and individuals in HIV-discordant couples, and 62.2% (95% CI: 58.9-65.6%) among female sex workers. Among general populations, pooled mean seroprevalence increased gradually from 4.7% (95% CI: 3.3-6.3%) in < 20-year-old individuals to 26.6% (95% CI: 19.2-34.7%) in > 60-year-old individuals. Compared to women and across all populations, men had 0.60-fold (95% CI: 54.0-67.0) lower seroprevalence, that is women had 70% higher seroprevalence. Seroprevalence declined by 0.98-fold (95% CI: 0.97-0.99) per year, that is a 2% decline per year in the last three decades. Pooled mean proportions of HSV-2 isolation in GUD and in genital herpes were 48.2% (95% CI: 34.9-61.6%) and 75.9% (95% CI: 68.3-82.8%), respectively.Interpretation: Over 1 in 10 individuals is infected with HSV-2, but seroprevalence is declining. HSV-2 accounts for half of GUD cases and three-quarters of genital herpes cases. These findings support the need for an HSV-2 vaccine and universal access to sexual and reproductive health services.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Asia: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

AlMukdad

Harfouche

Wettstein

et al. 2021

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific

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“…En consecuencia, la mayoría de las infecciones por herpes genital son transmitidas por personas que no saben que tienen la infección o que son asintomáticos cuando ocurre la transmisión 16 . Algunos estudios han reportado que cerca de 90% de los infectados por VHS-2 tienen episodios de excreción viral estando asintomáticos, mientras que para VHS-1 se ha descrito en raras ocasiones 7 . La importancia de su detección y del tratamiento correcto radica en que la infección asintomática puede asociarse a complicaciones como salpingitis, endometritis y enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, con graves consecuencias en mujeres gestantes 1 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Cervicitis necrótica por co-infección de virus herpes simplex 2 y Mycoplasma genitalium

Cabellos

Keim

Álvarez

et al. 2022

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Sin conflicto de interés. Sin financiamiento.Recibido: 25 de septiembre de 2021 / Aceptado: 4 de marzo de 2022 ResumenLas cervicitis es una condición frecuente causada principalmente por agentes de transmisión sexual. Su presentación clínica varía desde cuadros asintomáticos hasta procesos inflamatorios extensos, que incluso asemejan un tumor maligno. Presentamos el caso de una adolescente que presentó úlceras genitales, síntomas generales y cérvix necrótico con aspecto tumoral. Los estudios de laboratorio confirmaron una co-infección por virus herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2) y Mycoplasma genitalium. El estudio histológico descartó una neoplasia. Evolucionó favorablemente al tratamiento antimicrobiano, con recuperación progresiva del aspecto del cérvix. La cervicitis en raras ocasiones se presenta con compromiso necrótico. La co-infección por HSV-2 y M. genitalium, en este caso, pudo ser el determinante del daño cervical y la necrosis. Una evaluación acuciosa y estudio con exámenes diagnósticos de alta sensibilidad y especificidad permitieron hacer un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado.

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“…HSV in the immunosuppressed patient is the most common cause of genital ulcers worldwide. 5 Genital HSV causes shallow microvesicles and erosions 5,6 that may be painful and recurrent during times of stress, illness, or menstruation. In immune-competent patients, genital herpes rarely ulcerates.…”

Section: Hsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genital Ulcer Disease: A Review of Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

et al. 2019

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Genital ulcer disease can be caused by a wide variety of sources. Most commonly, genital ulcer disease is grouped into infectious and noninfectious causes. HSV, syphilis, lymphogranuloma venereum, and chancroid represent some common infectious ulcers. Noninfectious causes on the other hand can be inflammatory, noninflammatory, or malignant (eg, squamous cell carcinoma). Depending on the etiology, genital ulcers may present with unique features that can help clinicians identify the etiology and start treatment in a timely manner. The clinical presentation and management of infectious and noninfectious genital ulcers will be discussed in this review.

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Genital ulcers caused by herpes simplex virus

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Asia: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Asia: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

Cervicitis necrótica por co-infección de virus herpes simplex 2 y Mycoplasma genitalium

Genital Ulcer Disease: A Review of Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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