Genitourinary and perineal vascular anomalies in children: A Seattle children's experience

Willihnganz-Lawson, Katie H.; Gordon, Jennifer L.; Perkins, Jonathan A.; Shnorhavorian, Margarett

doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.03.019

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although urothelial carcinomas are the most common urinary tract malignancy in adults, they bladder, with only a few associated case reports to date. Investigators in the largest case series (45) involving childhood genitourinary and perineal vascular anomalies reviewed 3780 patient records over a 5-year period and found only 85 (2.2%) cases, none of which originated in the bladder.…”

Section: Urothelial Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pearls and Pitfalls in Diagnosing Pediatric Urinary Bladder Masses

et al. 2017

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Urinary bladder masses are rare in children, and the associated histologic features and prognoses in this population are different from those in adults. Most children with urinary bladder masses present with lower urinary tract symptoms, which may include hematuria, dysuria, frequent urination, and urgency to urinate. However, some of these masses may be identified incidentally or involve generic symptoms such as abdominal distention. In general, pediatric bladder tumors can be divided into those that originate from the bladder epithelium, known as urothelial neoplasms, and mesenchymal bladder neoplasms, which are more prevalent. The most common bladder malignancy in children is a rhabdomyosarcoma, whereas the most common benign bladder lesion in the pediatric population is a papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP). The first-line imaging tool for assessing bladder lesions is ultrasonography, which may be followed by a cross-sectional imaging examination such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging if the origin of the mass is unclear or if distant spread is suspected. Although imaging may enable the radiologist to suggest a differential diagnosis based on lesion location and patient age, tissue biopsy generally is required to identify the exact pathologic entity. This is usually performed at cystoscopy and may be curative in cases in which the lesion is small and has low recurrence potential. Knowledge of the clinical, histopathologic, and imaging features of common bladder neoplasms is essential, as it can aid in preventing imaging pitfalls. These may include the misinterpretation of either a pelvic mass as arising from the bladder or a bladder mass as arising from the pelvis, and interpreting an inflammatory mass or bladder detritus as a neoplasm. RSNA, 2017.

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Section: Urothelial Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pearls and Pitfalls in Diagnosing Pediatric Urinary Bladder Masses

et al. 2017

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“…Hepatic venous malformation does not account for a high percentage of all venous malformations occurring in the body, for example, head, face and limbs, but it is the most commonly seen venous malformation occurring in visceral organs. Venous malformations can be further divided into dilated versus non-dilated types16, but essentially, these are all congenital diseases. The disease often progresses gradually over a lifetime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical significance of galectin-3 expression in malformed hepatic venous tissue

Qiao¹,

Chen²,

Dong³

et al. 2018

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Background & objectives: Hepatic venous malformation gradually develops over time and exhibits the malignant biological behaviours of being locally invasive, causing morphological and functional damage to local tissue, and may even cause systemic coagulopathy. Studies show that galectin-3(Gal-3) expression is closely associated with local invasion of malignant tumours. In this study an attempt was made to assess the clinical significance of Gal-3 in local invasion during hepatic venous malformation in patients. Methods: Gal-3 protein and its mRNA expression were examined using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in a total of 126 patients with hepatic venous malformation. For control tissue, 20 cases of normal tissue distal to surgical margins were also examined. In addition, the association between Gal-3 expression and pathological parameters was analyzed in hepatic venous malformation patients. Results: Gal-3 mRNA positivity was observed in 65.08 per cent (82/126) of hepatic venous malformation tissue samples, which was higher than the rate of 20 per cent (4/20) ( P <0.05) seen in control tissues. Gal-3 protein positivity was observed in 58.73 per cent (74/126) of hepatic venous malformation tissue samples, which was higher than the rate of 15 per cent (3/20) ( P <0.05) seen in the normal tissue. Gal-3 expression was not significantly associated with age or gender. However, there was a significant association between Gal-3 positivity and lesion size, local invasion depth, and involvement with the hepatic vein and the portal system. Interpretation & conclusions: Local tissue invasion and destruction by hepatic venous malformation may be related to the upregulation of Gal-3. Gal-3 expression and the development of venous malformation may be related and needs to be studied further.

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“…The immunostaining was evaluated according to the percentage of stained cells and the intensity of the immunoreactivity as previously reported by Willihnganz-Lawson et al . [11] The intensity of immunoreactivity was scored as follows: 0 for no staining, 1 for weak staining, 2 for moderate staining, and 3 for strong staining. The percentage of stained cells was scored as follows: 0 for <25% of stained cells, 1 for 25–49% of stained cells, 2 for 50–74% of stained cells, and 3 for ≥75% of stained cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pingyangmycin Pretreatment Influences the Biological Behavior of Ocular Venous Malformation and Relates with Galectin-3 Expression

Qiao

Liu

2017

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background:Galectin-3 (Gal-3) plays a role in the mechanisms underlying ocular venous malformation. We conducted this study to investigate the effect of pingyangmycin pretreatment on the Gal-3 expressions and biological behavior of ocular venous malformation.Methods:Tissue samples were collected from 136 patients with ocular venous malformation. Patients were randomly divided into pingyangmycin (n = 69) and nonpingyangmycin group (n = 67). Patients in the pingyangmycin group received a local injection of 0.02% pingyangmycin once every 2 days for 2 weeks (7 doses) before removal surgery, whereas patients in the nonpingyangmycin group underwent removal surgery without local injection. The protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Gal-3 were detected by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.Results:Gal-3 protein was expressed in 35 (52%) of 67 samples in the nonpingyangmycin group and in 19 (28%) of 69 samples in the pingyangmycin group (P < 0.05). Gal-3 mRNA expression was detected in 39 (58%) of 67 samples in the nonpingyangmycin group and 22 (32%) of 69 samples in the pingyangmycin group (P < 0.05). The higher Gal-3 expressions were detected in samples with deeper invasiveness than those with superficial invasiveness before (χ2 = 12.720 and 13.369, respectively, both P < 0.05) and after pingyangmycin treatment (χ2 = 8.429 and 4.590, respectively, both P < 0.05). It was more frequently detected in mesh-like lesions with unclear boundary than round lesions with clear boundary before (χ2 = 30.291 and 41.466, respectively, both P < 0.05) and after pingyangmycin treatment (χ2 = 14.619 and 15.130, respectively, both P < 0.05). Pingyangmycin treatment led to a significant difference in Gal-3 expressions at both protein and mRNA levels (χ2 = 8.664 and 9.524, respectively, both P < 0.05).Conclusions:Gal-3 expression may be involved in the development and invasiveness of ocular venous malformation, and pingyangmycin can inhibit Gal-3 expression, indicating a role of pingyangmycin treatment before the removal of ocular venous malformation.

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Genitourinary and perineal vascular anomalies in children: A Seattle children's experience

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Pearls and Pitfalls in Diagnosing Pediatric Urinary Bladder Masses

Pearls and Pitfalls in Diagnosing Pediatric Urinary Bladder Masses

Clinical significance of galectin-3 expression in malformed hepatic venous tissue

Pingyangmycin Pretreatment Influences the Biological Behavior of Ocular Venous Malformation and Relates with Galectin-3 Expression

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