Genitourinary sarcoidosis: An essential review for the practicing clinician

Block, Norman L.; Kava, Bruce R.

doi:10.4103/0970-1591.195724

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Sarcoidosis manifestation in the genitourinary system is extremely rare and is estimated to affect less than 0.2% of patients [ 1 ]. In the largest review of 60 cases of sarcoidosis involving the male reproductive system, it was shown that epididymal lesions were found in 73% of patients, in testicles in 47%, in the spermatic cord in 8%, and the prostate in 3% [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sarcoidosis of the spermatic cord – case report and literature review

Ostrowska

Świniarski

Ostrowski

et al. 2022

Basic Clin. Androl.

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Background Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in various organs. The lungs remain the most frequently affected organ, whereas lesions in the genitourinary system affect around 0.2% of patients. The primary site found in the spermatic cord is extremely rare. Case presentation We present a patient’s case where the spermatic cord involvement was the first manifestation of sarcoidosis. For several months, a number of tests had been performed, which showed, among others, non-caseating granulomas in pathomorphological material, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and leukopenia with lymphopenia. Tumor markers were normal. Infection with urogenital pathogens (including Chlamydia Trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, Mycoplasma hominis) was excluded. The patient did not report any general symptoms such as fever, excessive fatigue, weight loss. He denied swelling, shortness of breath. At the same time, a complete differential diagnosis was carried out, and the extent of the disease was assessed. Due to interdisciplinary management, the patient’s quality of life and fertility is preserved. In the discussion, we present the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of such patients. Conclusion Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease, which should not be omitted in the differential diagnosis. Selective excision of the lesion with intraoperative examination plays a significant role while establishing a diagnosis. However, in the primary site in the genitourinary system, the diagnosis is challenging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in various organs. The lungs remain the most frequently affected organ, whereas lesions in the genitourinary system are found in less than 0.2% of patients [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcoidosis of the spermatic cord – case report and literature review

Ostrowska

Świniarski

Ostrowski

et al. 2022

Basic Clin. Androl.

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“…Block et al . and Kava[1] review the urological manifestations of sarcoidosis and show that the disease may involve multiple organs including the adrenal, kidneys, ureter, bladder, prostate, urethra, penis, and the scrotal structures. It often mimics malignancy in the form a mass lesion.…”

Section: Genitourinary Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kumar¹

2017

Indian J Urol

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“…The most commonly involved extrathoracic organ is the skin [ 1 ]. On the other hand, the involvement of the genitourinary tract is considered rare [ 4 ]. It occurs in less than 0.2% of all clinically diagnosed cases of sarcoidosis, with the epididymis, followed by testicles, being the most frequently involved sites [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with testicular involvement usually present with a non-painful, diffuse nodular mass [ 2 ]. Testicular cancer and sarcoidosis have their peak incidence in the same age group and a similar presentation, so they can be very difficult to distinguish [ 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, although rare, genitourinary sarcoidosis should be part of the differential diagnosis of urological conditions [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case of Sarcoidosis With Urologic Symptoms As the Presenting Feature

Campos¹,

Costa²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Sarcoidosis is a multisystem idiopathic disease that can affect virtually any organ of the human body. However, genitourinary tract involvement is rare. We describe the case of a 33-year-old man with post-coital right scrotal pain. Scrotal ultrasound showed two vascularized nodular lesions in the right testicle and one in the left. A thoracic and abdominopelvic computed tomography scan showed micronodular infiltrate in the liver, spleen, lungs, and millimetric retroperitoneal and iliac lymph nodes. Levels of alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin beta were normal. On positron emission tomography, the previously documented micronodular infiltrate exhibited features suggestive of an inflammatory etiology. The aspiration cytology of an iliac ganglion was described as normal, with no malignant cells. A liver biopsy revealed non-caseating epithelioid granulomas characteristic of granulomatous hepatitis. After exclusion of other causes of granulomatous inflammation, conjugation of clinical and histological features led us to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis with pulmonary, hepatic, splenic, and genitourinary involvement. This clinical report describes one of the rare occasions when the reproductive tract is affected by sarcoidosis and is the first organ to present signs of involvement by the disease, which reinforces the importance of considering sarcoidosis in the differential diagnosis of urologic conditions. The diagnosis of testicular sarcoidosis is challenging and the issue of its impact on fertility is particularly important.

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Genitourinary sarcoidosis: An essential review for the practicing clinician

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

Sarcoidosis of the spermatic cord – case report and literature review

Sarcoidosis of the spermatic cord – case report and literature review

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A Rare Case of Sarcoidosis With Urologic Symptoms As the Presenting Feature

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