Genome and cell sizes in frogs: A comparison with salamanders

Olmo, Ettore; Morescalchi, A.

doi:10.1007/bf01921891

Cited by 58 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Four Indian species of Microhylidae previously karyotyped, Ra. variegata (Bai 1956), M. rubra (Bai 1956), Uperodon globulosus (Chakrabarti 1979), and U. systoma (Olmo and Morescalchi 1978), belong to the subfamily Microhylinae. All of these species have 2nϭ26 chromosomes, and Ra.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, 3 species belong to Bufonidae (Asana and Mahabale 1941, Natarajan 1958b, Manna and Bhunya 1966, Chatterjee and Barik 1970, Singh et al 1970, Mittal and Sawhney 1971, Singh 1974, 9 to Dicroglossidae (Natarajan 1957b, 1958a, Singh et al 1970, Mittal and Sawhney 1971, Singh 1974, Yadav 1974, Yadav and Pillai 1975, 1976, Chakrabarti et al 1983, Joshy et al 1999, Joshy and Kuramoto 2008, 1 to Nyctibatrachidae (Joshy et al 1999), 1 to Ranixalidae (Joshy et al 1999), 3 to Ranidae (Joshy et al 1999, 2006), 3 to Rhacophoridae (Natarajan 1957a, Singh et al. 1970, Singh 1974, Rai and Dey 1991, and 4 to Microhylidae (Bai 1956, Chakrabarti 1979, Olmo and Morescalchi 1978. Most of the previous studies, however, lacked numerical data on size and shape of chromosomes, and this makes karyotype comparisons between taxa very difficult or even impossible.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Karyological Studies on 5 Anuran Species (Rhacophoridae, Microhylidae) from the Western Ghats, Southwest India

Joshy

Kuramoto²

2011

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Karyotypes of 5 species of Indian frogs belonging to 2 families Rhacophoridae (Polypedates maculatus, Rhacophorus malabaricus, and Pseudophilautus wynaadensis) and Microhylidae (Ramanella montana and Microhyla ornata) were described. All of the 5 species had 2nϭ26 bi-armed chromosomes with 5 large and 8 small pairs. In Rhacophorus malabaricus, 3 large chromosome pairs (nos. 2-4) possessed telomeric C-positive bands on the long arm, whereas C-positive bands were confined to the centromeric region of the chromosomes in the other 4 species. None of the species had identifiable heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Based on karyometric data and C-banding, the karyotype of each species was characterized and was compared with those of the related species. It became evident that the Indian species of the genus Microhyla differ karyologically from the congeners in southeastern Asia.Key words Karyotype, C-banding, Rhacophoridae, Microhylidae, India.In the past 6 decades, 24 species of Indian anurans were studied for their cytogenetic attributes. Of these, 3 species belong to Bufonidae (Asana and Mahabale 1941, Natarajan 1958b, Manna and Bhunya 1966, Chatterjee and Barik 1970, Singh et al. 1970, Mittal and Sawhney 1971, Singh 1974, 9 to Dicroglossidae (Natarajan 1957b, 1958a, Singh et al. 1970, Mittal and Sawhney 1971, Singh 1974, Yadav 1974, Yadav and Pillai 1975, 1976, Chakrabarti et al. 1983, Joshy et al. 1999, Joshy and Kuramoto 2008, 1 to Nyctibatrachidae (Joshy et al. 1999), 1 to Ranixalidae (Joshy et al. 1999), 3 to Ranidae (Joshy et al. 1999, 2006), 3 to Rhacophoridae (Natarajan 1957a, Singh et al. 1970, Singh 1974, Rai and Dey 1991, and 4 to Microhylidae (Bai 1956, Chakrabarti 1979, Olmo and Morescalchi 1978. Most of the previous studies, however, lacked numerical data on size and shape of chromosomes, and this makes karyotype comparisons between taxa very difficult or even impossible. In the present study, we describe karyotypes of 3 species of Rhacophoridae and 2 species of Microhylidae from the Western Ghats. Of the 5 species examined, the karyotype of Polypedates maculatus was previously reported by Natarajan (1957a), Singh et al. (1970) and Singh (1974) without karyometric data. The karyotypes of the other 4 species are here reported for the first time. Materials and methodsThree species belonging to Rhacophoridae, Polypedates maculatus, Rhacophorus malabaricus, and Pseudophilautus wynaadensis, were collected from Madikeri (altitude ca. 900 m) of Kodagu District, Karnataka, and 2 species belonging to Microhylidae, Ramanella montana and Microhyla ornata, were collected from Sagar (altitude ca. 560 m) of Shimoga District, Karnataka. Both

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Karyological Studies on 5 Anuran Species (Rhacophoridae, Microhylidae) from the Western Ghats, Southwest India

Joshy

Kuramoto²

2011

CYTOLOGIA

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“…Whereas significant positive relationships between genome size and erythrocyte size have been demonstrated for all other vertebrate classes (amphibians: Olmo andMorescalchi 1975, 1978;De Smet 1981;Horner and Macgregor 1983;reptiles: De Smet 1981;Olmo and Odierna 1982;fish: Pedersen 1971;Olmo 1983;mammals: Gregory 2000), no such relationship has been demonstrated (or even properly investigated) in birds. De Smet (1981) compared genome size and dry cell area in 15 species of birds and found a positive but nonsignificant correlation coefficient (r ϭ 0.34) between the two, and although other studies have found birds to fit well along the general vertebrate regression line (Commoner 1964;Olmo 1983), the existence of a relationship between genome size and cell size within the class Aves currently remains to be shown.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Bird's-Eye View of the C-Value Enigma: Genome Size, Cell Size, and Metabolic Rate in the Class Aves

Gregory¹

2002

Evolution

221

178

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Abstract. For half a century, variation in genome size (C-value) has been an unresolved puzzle in evolutionary biology. While the initial ''C-value paradox'' was solved with the discovery of noncoding DNA, a much more complex ''C-value enigma'' remains. The present study focuses on one aspect of this puzzle, namely the small genome sizes of birds. Significant negative correlations are reported between resting metabolic rate and both C-value and erythrocyte size. Cell size is positively correlated with both nucleus size and C-value in birds, as in other vertebrates. These findings shed light on the constraints acting on genome size in birds and illustrate the importance of interactions among various levels of the biological hierarchy, ranging from the subchromosomal to the ecological. Following from a discussion of the mechanistic bases of the correlations reported and the processes by which birds achieved and/or maintain small genomes, a pluralistic approach to the C-value enigma is recommended.

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“…The DNA content shows a very high degree of interspecific variability: from 30 to over 160 pg/N in urodeles and from 2 to 25 pg/N in anurans (Morescalchi 1973;Olmo 1973;Olmo 1973;Olmo and Morescalchi 1978;Bachmann and Nishioka 1978). Among different species with the same chromosome number and belonging to the same genus the DNA content may differ by a factor of about 1.5-2.0 (Morescalchi 1973;Bachmann and Nishioka 1978).…”

Section: Dna Structure In Amphibians a The Genome Sizementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nuclear volume, cell volume and cell surface area show a linear and direct correlation to the nuclear DNA content (experiments on erythrocytes of amphibians) (Olmo and Morescalchi 1978). As DNA content increases, cell volume and, to a lesser extent, cell surface area both increase, and the cell surface area/cell volume ratio tends to decrease.…”

Section: Dna Structure In Amphibians a The Genome Sizementioning

confidence: 97%

Structural characteristics of genome organization in amphibians: Differential staining of chromosomes and DNA structure

Birstein

1982

J Mol Evol

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Genome and cell sizes in frogs: A comparison with salamanders

Cited by 58 publications

References 8 publications

Karyological Studies on 5 Anuran Species (Rhacophoridae, Microhylidae) from the Western Ghats, Southwest India

Karyological Studies on 5 Anuran Species (Rhacophoridae, Microhylidae) from the Western Ghats, Southwest India

A Bird's-Eye View of the C-Value Enigma: Genome Size, Cell Size, and Metabolic Rate in the Class Aves

Structural characteristics of genome organization in amphibians: Differential staining of chromosomes and DNA structure

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