Genome-based design of a cell-free culture medium for Tropheryma whipplei

Renesto, Patricia; Crapoulet, Nicolas; Ogata, Hiroyuki; Scola, Bernard La; Vestris, G.; Claverie, Jean‐Michel; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14071-8

Cited by 176 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It has been shown that examination of the complete genome of a fastidious micro-organism can help to design a suitable culture medium (Renesto et al, 2003). Here we show that analysis of the genome sequence can also reveal unexpected metabolic traits or abilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Paradoxical conservation of a set of three cellulose-targeting genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms

et al. 2010

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The genome of the tuberculosis agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes a putative cellulosebinding protein (CBD2), one candidate cellulase (Cel12), and one fully active cellulase (Cel6). This observation is puzzling, because cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls, whereas M. tuberculosis is a human pathogen without known contact with plants. In order to investigate the biological role of such cellulose-targeting genes in M. tuberculosis we report here the search for and transcription analysis of this set of genes in the genus Mycobacterium. An in silico search for cellulose-targeting orthologues found that only 2.5 % of the sequenced bacterial genomes encode the Cel6, Cel12 and CBD2 gene set simultaneously, including those of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) members. PCR amplification and sequencing further demonstrated the presence of these three genes in five non-sequenced MTC bacteria. Among mycobacteria, the combination of Cel6, Cel12 and CBD2 was unique to MTC members, with the exception of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur, which lacked CBD2. RT-PCR in M. tuberculosis H37Rv indicated that the three cellulose-targeting genes were transcribed into mRNA. The present work shows that MTC organisms are the sole mycobacteria among very few organisms to encode the three cellulose-targeting genes CBD2, Cel6 and Cel12. Our data point toward a unique, yet unknown, relationship with non-plant cellulose-producing hosts such as amoebae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Paradoxical conservation of a set of three cellulose-targeting genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms

et al. 2010

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“…All this genome-acquired knowledge allowed the formulation, through computer modeling of the T. whipplei metabolic networks, of a comprehensive culture medium that supported axenic growth of this organism (366). Acquisition of iron is crucially important for bacterial pathogens in the iron-depleted host environment.…”

Section: Tropheryma Genome and Biological Lifestylementioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics ofActinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum

Ventura

Canchaya

Tauch

et al. 2007

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

946

638

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SUMMARY Actinobacteria constitute one of the largest phyla among Bacteria and represent gram-positive bacteria with a high G+C content in their DNA. This bacterial group includes microorganisms exhibiting a wide spectrum of morphologies, from coccoid to fragmenting hyphal forms, as well as possessing highly variable physiological and metabolic properties. Furthermore, Actinobacteria members have adopted different lifestyles, and can be pathogens (e.g., Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Tropheryma, and Propionibacterium), soil inhabitants (Streptomyces), plant commensals (Leifsonia), or gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacterium). The divergence of Actinobacteria from other bacteria is ancient, making it impossible to identify the phylogenetically closest bacterial group to Actinobacteria. Genome sequence analysis has revolutionized every aspect of bacterial biology by enhancing the understanding of the genetics, physiology, and evolutionary development of bacteria. Various actinobacterial genomes have been sequenced, revealing a wide genomic heterogeneity probably as a reflection of their biodiversity. This review provides an account of the recent explosion of actinobacterial genomics data and an attempt to place this in a biological and evolutionary context.

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“…We studied CD4 ϩ T cell reactivity in 32 patients with different stages of Whipple's disease (13) (Table I, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]; II, 27 elderly subjects, age-matched to Whipple's disease patients (16 M, 11 F, mean age, 54.9; range, 41-88); and III, 11 active triathletes, agematched to young subjects (11 M, mean age, 32.7; range, [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Triathletes practice swimming in the river Neckar in Heidelberg where T. whipplei was detected in sewage plants (5) and thus are supposed to have enhanced contact to environmental T. whipplei.…”

Section: Patients and Control Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Peripheral and MucosalTropheryma whipplei-Specific Th1 Response in Patients with Whipple’s Disease

Moos

Kunkel

Marth

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

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Whipple’s disease is a rare infectious disorder caused by Tropheryma whipplei. Major symptoms are arthropathy, weight loss, and diarrhea, but the CNS and other organs may be affected, too. The incidence of Whipple’s disease is very low despite the ubiquitous presence of T. whipplei in the environment. Therefore, it has been suggested that host factors indicated by immune deficiencies are responsible for the development of Whipple’s disease. However, T. whipplei-specific T cell responses could not be studied until now, because cultivation of the bacteria was established only recently. Thus, the availability of T. whipplei Twist-MarseilleT has enabled the first analysis of T. whipplei-specific reactivity of CD4+ T cells. A robust T. whipplei-specific CD4+ Th1 reactivity and activation (expression of CD154) was detected in peripheral and duodenal lymphocytes of all healthy (16 young, 27 age-matched, 11 triathletes) and disease controls (17 patients with tuberculosis) tested. However, 32 Whipple’s disease patients showed reduced or absent T. whipplei-specific Th1 responses, whereas their capacity to react to other common Ags like tetanus toxoid, tuberculin, actinomycetes, Giardia lamblia, or CMV was not reduced compared with controls. Hence, we conclude that an insufficient T. whipplei-specific Th1 response may be responsible for an impaired immunological clearance of T. whipplei in Whipple’s disease patients and may contribute to the fatal natural course of the disease.

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Genome-based design of a cell-free culture medium for Tropheryma whipplei

Cited by 176 publications

References 5 publications

Paradoxical conservation of a set of three cellulose-targeting genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms

Paradoxical conservation of a set of three cellulose-targeting genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms

Genomics ofActinobacteria: Tracing the Evolutionary History of an Ancient Phylum

Reduced Peripheral and MucosalTropheryma whipplei-Specific Th1 Response in Patients with Whipple’s Disease

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