Genome of Malassezia arunalokei and Its Distribution on Facial Skin

Cho, Yong‐Joon; Kim, Taeyune; Croll, Daniel; Park, Minji; Kim, Donghyeun; Keum, Hye Lim; Sul, Woo Jun; Jung, Woo-Hwan

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00506-22

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…During life, the skin mycobiome could vary across body site localization or hygiene as shown by culture-dependent and independent methods [ 19 , 128 , 129 , 130 ]. Sebaceous body sites (e.g., face, chest and back) had a higher fungal diversity of lipophilic species compared to moist or dry skin sites [ 120 , 128 ].…”

Section: Skin Mycobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Site specification is typical for Malassezia : the higher abundance of M. globosa on the scalp and forehead and lower abundance on the back were observed, while the relative abundance of M. sympodialis showed an inverse pattern [ 123 ]. Malassezia arunalokei was more abundant on the forehead and cheek compared to the scalp [ 129 ]. Seasonal and gender-related changes in the skin mycobiome were observed [ 131 , 132 ].…”

Section: Skin Mycobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Human Mycobiome: Colonization, Composition and the Role in Health and Disease

Belvončíková

Šplíchalová

Vídeňská

et al. 2022

JoF

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The mycobiome is the fungal component of the human microbial ecosystem that represents only a small part of this environment but plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis. Colonization by fungi begins immediately after birth. The initial mycobiome is influenced by the gestational age of a newborn, birth weight, delivery method and feeding method. During a human’s life, the composition of the mycobiome is further influenced by a large number of endogenous and exogenous factors. The most important factors are diet, body weight, age, sex and antibiotic and antifungal therapy. The human mycobiome inhabits the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract and skin. Its composition can influence the gut–brain axis through immune and non-immune mediated crosstalk systems. It also interacts with other commensals of the ecosystem through synergistic and antagonistic relationships. Moreover, colonization of the gut by opportunistic fungal pathogens in immunocompromised individuals can lead to clinically relevant disease states. Thus, the mycobiome represents an essential part of the microbiome associated with a variety of physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the composition of the mycobiome in specific sites of the human body and its role in health and disease.

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Section: Skin Mycobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Skin Mycobiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Mycobiome: Colonization, Composition and the Role in Health and Disease

Belvončíková

Šplíchalová

Vídeňská

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…Fluconazole diffusion was retained, but no difference in susceptibility of C. albicans to the drug was observed in polymicrobial biofilms [5]. A direct influence of secreted enzymes, such as proteinase, from the major skinassociated fungus Malassezia on the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus, a noteworthy skin opportunistic bacterial pathogen, was also demonstrated experimentally [6].Malassezia is a commensal fungus found on the skin surfaces of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and comprised of 18 species [7][8][9]. Several studies based on amplicon sequencing and metagenome analysis demonstrated that Malassezia is the most dominant genus in the human skin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Malassezia is a commensal fungus found on the skin surfaces of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and comprised of 18 species [7][8][9]. Several studies based on amplicon sequencing and metagenome analysis demonstrated that Malassezia is the most dominant genus in the human skin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interkingdom Interaction with Staphylococcus Influences the Antifungal Susceptibility of the Cutaneous Fungus Malassezia

Yang

Park

Kim

et al. 2022

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Analysis of the microbial community in the human body has revealed that fungi reside with other microbes, such as bacteria, protists, and viruses, within the community. This observation has led to several studies investigating the intra-or inter-kingdom interactions between microbial members influencing skin health and diseases [1][2][3]. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus often share the host niche, such as the airways of cystic fibrosis patients, and the interkingdom between the microorganisms is likely to occur within the same ecological site. In this scenario, P. aeruginosa produces metabolites, such as quorum sensing molecules and siderophores, that possess antifungal activity [4]. Furthermore, studies have reported the effect of bacteria on the antifungal susceptibility of pathogenic fungi. The interaction between Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, co-colonizers of the skin, has also been investigated, especially in a mixed biofilm format. Fluconazole diffusion was retained, but no difference in susceptibility of C. albicans to the drug was observed in polymicrobial biofilms [5]. A direct influence of secreted enzymes, such as proteinase, from the major skinassociated fungus Malassezia on the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus, a noteworthy skin opportunistic bacterial pathogen, was also demonstrated experimentally [6].Malassezia is a commensal fungus found on the skin surfaces of warm-blooded animals, including humans, and comprised of 18 species [7][8][9]. Several studies based on amplicon sequencing and metagenome analysis demonstrated that Malassezia is the most dominant genus in the human skin. This fungus has been associated with various skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and atopic dermatitis [10,11]. However, the roles of Malassezia in the skin must still be elucidated. Ketoconazole is an imidazole derivative and the most commonly used azole antifungal drug to treat Malassezia-associated skin diseases [12][13][14]. The mechanism of ketoconazole's action against pathogenic fungi includes inhibiting 14α-lanosterol demethylase, which is encoded by ERG11, and converting lanosterol to ergosterol in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway for fungal membrane synthesis; this results in the accumulation of toxic sterols causing increased membrane stress and growth arrest [15,16]. Although the effectiveness of ketoconazole is well established, studies have reported that several fungal strains, including Malassezia, that have been isolated from clinical specimens were resistant to the drug [17][18][19]. InThe skin is a dynamic ecosystem on which diverse microbes reside. The interkingdom interaction between microbial species in the skin microbiota is thought to influence the health and disease of the skin although the roles of the intra-and interkingdom interactions remain to be elucidated. In this context, the interactions between Malassezia and Staphylococcus, the most dominant microorganisms in the skin microbiota, have gained attention. This...

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“…2016, M. arunalokei was recognized as a new species. It was isolated from scalp skin of a human patient with seborrheic dermatitis in Chandigarh in India in Defrom this species 7.1 million years ago[13,24].In 2018, new species, M. vespertilionis, was isolated from bats in the eastern and western states of the USA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Yeasts of the Malassezia Genus – Recent Findings

2022

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The genus Malassezia is a medically important genus of yeasts that can colonize the skin of humans and other warm-blooded animals. The genus currently comprises 18 species of which four new species were identified recently. The most widely known species, M. pachydermatis, occurs in animals but was detected also in humans, namely at life endangering septicaemias and in prematurely born children. Proliferation of Malassezia occurs most frequently as a result of disturbances in the normal homeostasis of host immunity on the one hand and virulence of these yeasts on the other hand. The successful management of the disease depends on the therapeutic control of overgrowth of the yeasts and any concurrent bacterial infection by local or systemic anti microbial treatment, as well as, on identification and potential correction of the predisposing factors.

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Genome of Malassezia arunalokei and Its Distribution on Facial Skin

Abstract: Malassezia is the fungus predominantly residing on the human skin and causes various skin diseases, including seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. To date, 18 species have been reported, and among them, M. restricta is the most predominant on human skin, especially on the scalp.

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

The Human Mycobiome: Colonization, Composition and the Role in Health and Disease

The Human Mycobiome: Colonization, Composition and the Role in Health and Disease

The Interkingdom Interaction with Staphylococcus Influences the Antifungal Susceptibility of the Cutaneous Fungus Malassezia

Yeasts of the Malassezia Genus – Recent Findings

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