Genome Reduction in the Mosquito Symbiont<i>Asaia</i>

Alonso, Diego Peres; Mancini, Maria Vittoria; Damiani, Claudia; Cappelli, Alessia; Ricci, Irene; Alvarez, Marcus Vinícius Niz; Bandi, Claudio; Ribolla, Paulo Eduardo Martins; Favia, Guido

doi:10.1093/gbe/evy255

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We believe that the small genome size is a result of genome reduction after participating in long term symbiotic relationship with the host ant species, O. smaragdina. Similar phenomenon of genome reduction had been reported in gut associated Acetobacteraceae of red carpenter ant [14] and Asaia endosymbionts of mosquitoes [15].…”

Section: Genome Characteristics and Gene Annotation Of The Novel Strainssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Oecophyllibacter saccharovoransgen. nov. sp. nov., a bacterial symbiont of the weaver antOecophylla smaragdina

Chua

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Tan

et al. 2020

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AbstractIn this study, bacterial strains Ha5T, Ta1 and Jb2 were isolated from different colonies of weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina. They were distinguished as different strains based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and distinctive random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints. Cells of these bacterial strains were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. They were able to grow at 15–37°C (optimum, 28–30°C) and in the presence of 0–1.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). Their predominant cellular fatty acids were C18:1ω7c, C16:0, C19:0ω8c cyclo, C14:0 and C16:0 2-OH. Strains Ha5T, Ta1 and Jb2 shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (94.56–94.63%) with Neokomagataea tanensis NBRC106556T but were phylogenetically closer to Bombella spp. and Saccharibacterfloricola DSM15669T. Both 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis and core gene-based phylogenomic analysis placed them in a distinct lineage in family Acetobacteraceae. These bacterial strains shared higher than species level thresholds in multiple overall genome-relatedness indices which indicated that they belonged to the same species. In addition, they did not belong to any of the current taxa of Acetobacteraceae as they had low pairwise average nucleotide identity (≤70.7%), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (≤39.5%) and average amino acid identity (≤66.ü%) values with all the type members of the family. Based on these results, bacterial strains Ha5T, Ta1 and Jb2 represent a novel species of a novel genus in family Acetobacteraceae, for which we propose the name Oecophyllibacter saccharovorans gen. nov. sp. nov., and strain Ha5T as the type strain.

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Section: Genome Characteristics and Gene Annotation Of The Novel Strainssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…These AAB are known to survive acidic environment in insect guts and tolerate sugar-rich diets of the host [13]. It is also noteworthy that long term symbiosis of these AAB with different insect hosts resulted in significantly reduced size and gene content of their genomes [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oecophyllibacter saccharovoransgen. nov. sp. nov., a bacterial symbiont of the weaver antOecophylla smaragdina

Chua

See-Too

Tan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In symbiosis, not only are (for example) environmental sensing and stress response requirements reduced, but also functions related to motility are no longer required. Genome reduction is frequently observed in prokaryotes that are in obligate associations and in parasitic eukaryotes (Wolf and Koonin 2013, Brown & Wernegreen 2016, Alonso et al, 2019). Whether genome reduction has occurred in Symbiodiniaceae is a contentious issue; whilst the genomes of those that have been sequenced to date are large (1-5 Gb; Aranda et al 2016), they are actually much smaller than those of many other dinoflagellates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic insights into the establishment of coral-algal symbioses from the symbiont perspective

Mohamed

Andrade

Moya

et al. 2019

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Despite the ecological significance of the mutualistic relationship between Symbiodiniaceae and reef-building corals, the molecular machinery underpinning the establishment of this relationship is not well understood. This is especially true of the symbiont side, as previous attempts to understand the interaction between coral larvae and Symbiodiniaceae have focused nearly exclusively on the host. In the current study, Acropora tenuis planula larvae were exposed to a compatible strain of Symbiodiniaceae (Cladocopium) and the transcriptomic landscape of the symbiont profiled at 3, 12, 48 and 72 h post-exposure using RNA-Seq. The transcriptomic response of Cladocopium to the symbiotic state was complex, the most obvious feature being an extensive and generalised downregulation of gene expression. Included in this “symbiosis-derived transcriptional repression” were a range of stress response and immune-related genes. In contrast, genes implicated in metabolism were upregulated in the symbiotic state. Consistent with previous ecological studies, this transcriptomic response of Cladocopium implied that active translocation of metabolites to the host occurred, and thus that the mutualistic relationship can be established at the larval stage. This study provides novel insights into the transcriptomic remodelling that occurs in Symbiodiniaceae, with important implications for understanding the establishment of symbiosis between corals and their dinoflagellate partners.

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“…Horizontally acquired bacteria are generally considered to infect the gut lumen, they are also found in other organs of mosquitoes including the salivary glands, malpighian tubules, and germline [3, 4, 6, 25, 34]. It remains unknown how these tissues become infected, but it has been proposed these organs may act as a reservoir to facilitate transstadial transmission of microbes between mosquito life stages [4, 5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquatic stages are continually exposed to microbes in the larval habitat while adults likely acquire microbiota from the environment after eclosion or when nectar feeding [1–3]. Additionally, environmentally acquired microbes may persist in mosquito tissues between aquatic and adult life states facilitating transstadial transmission [4–6]. It is likely that these processes contribute to the considerable variability seen in the adult microbiome [7–9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-associated bacteria invade the midgut epithelium of Aedes aegypti and stimulate innate immunity and suppress Zika virus infection in cells

Hegde

Voronin

Casas-Sánchez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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23Microbiota within mosquitoes influence nutrition, immunity, fecundity, and the capacity 24 to transmit pathogens. Despite their importance, we have a limited understanding of 25 host-microbiota interactions, especially at the cellular level. It is evident bacterial 26 symbionts that are localized within the midgut also infect other organs within the 27 mosquito; however, the route these symbionts take to colonize other tissues is 28 unknown. Here, utilizing the gentamicin protection assay, we showed that the bacterial 29 symbionts Cedecea and Serratia have the capacity to invade and reside intracellularly 30 within mosquito cells. Symbiotic bacteria were found within a vacuole and bacterial 31 replication was observed in mosquito cell by transmission electron microscopy, 32indicating bacteria were adapted to the intracellular milieu. Using gene silencing, we 33 determined that bacteria exploited host factors, including actin and integrin receptors, to 34 actively invade mosquito cells. As microbiota can affect pathogens within mosquitoes, 35we examined the influence of intracellular symbionts on Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. 36Mosquito cells harbouring intracellular bacteria had significantly less ZIKV compared to 37 uninfected cells or cells exposed to non-invasive bacteria. Intracellular bacteria were 38 observed to substantially upregulate the Toll and IMD innate immune pathways, 39 providing a possible mechanism mediating these anti-viral effects. Examining mono-40 axenically infected mosquitoes using transmission electron and fluorescent microscopy 41 revealed that bacteria occupied an intracellular niche in vivo. Our results provided 42 evidence that bacteria that associate with the midgut of mosquitoes have intracellular 43 lifestyles which likely have implications for mosquito biology and pathogen infection. 44 This study expands our understanding of host-microbiota interactions in mosquitoes, 45 3 which is important as symbiont microbes are being exploited for vector control 46 strategies. 47 48 4 Introduction 49

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Genome Reduction in the Mosquito SymbiontAsaia

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Oecophyllibacter saccharovoransgen. nov. sp. nov., a bacterial symbiont of the weaver antOecophylla smaragdina

Oecophyllibacter saccharovoransgen. nov. sp. nov., a bacterial symbiont of the weaver antOecophylla smaragdina

Transcriptomic insights into the establishment of coral-algal symbioses from the symbiont perspective

Gut-associated bacteria invade the midgut epithelium of Aedes aegypti and stimulate innate immunity and suppress Zika virus infection in cells

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