Genome Sequence Determinations and Analyses of Novel Circoviruses from Goose and Pigeon

Todd, D.; Weston, Jonathan; Soike, Dirk; Smyth, Joan A.

doi:10.1006/viro.2001.0985

Cited by 164 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…As for other emerging viruses (Bowden et al, 2001;Haqshenas et al, 2001;Smiley et al, 2002;Todd et al, 2001), a range of amplification strategies designed for the determination of unknown sequences had to be applied to obtain the complete genome. It was important to perform this work using a single sample, despite limits of material, in order to avoid differences due to the possible sequence diversity among astrovirus strains present in the different samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This demonstrated the suitability of the chosen amplification protocol. Interestingly, we could only identify the second sequence as being derived from an astrovirus when we performed BLAST searches with the deduced amino acid sequence, indicating that sequence identities between astroviruses of different species are more prominent on the protein level than on the genomic level.As for other emerging viruses (Bowden et al, 2001; Haqshenas et al, 2001;Smiley et al, 2002;Todd et al, 2001), a range of amplification strategies designed for the determination of unknown sequences had to be applied to obtain the complete genome. It was important to perform this work using a single sample, despite limits of material, in order to avoid differences due to the possible sequence diversity among astrovirus strains present in the different samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of a novel astrovirus associated with disease in mink

Mittelholzer

Hedlund

Englund

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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Pre-weaning diarrhoea is a well-known problem in mink farming in Europe, causing morbidity that varies between farms, regions and season. Different causalities for the disease have been proposed, but only most recently has a novel astrovirus been identified as an important risk factor. In this report, the molecular characterization, origin and evolution of this novel astrovirus of mink are discussed. The polyadenylated, positive-stranded RNA genome was sequenced and found to contain 6610 nt, organized into three ORFs and two short UTRs. A ribosomal frameshift sequence links the 59 two ORFs, containing sequence motifs for a serine protease (ORF1a) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ORF1b). The structural proteins are encoded by ORF2 and, presumably, are expressed as a polyprotein precursor to be cleaved into the mature capsid proteins. These results indicate that mink astrovirus (MiAstV) has all of the features typical of members of the Astroviridae. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that MiAstV is distantly related to established astroviruses, showing less than 67 % similarity at the nucleotide level with its closest relative, ovine astrovirus, and even lower identities at the predicted amino acid level. Nevertheless, sequence analysis of MiAstV isolates from geographically distinct Swedish and Danish farms showed much less diversity. This suggests either the spread in the mink population of a virus that has evolved a long time ago or the recent introduction of an ancient virus into a new host species. INTRODUCTIONFor several decades, a pre-weaning diarrhoea syndrome with unknown aetiology has been observed in mink farms in Europe. Numerous investigations studying the causality of this clinical syndrome have been conducted and various agents have been discussed as possible causes, but only recently did a case-controlled study reveal the presence of an astrovirus as a significant risk factor (Englund et al., 2002).Astroviruses were named by Madeley & Cosgrove (1975) after their star-like appearance in electron microscopy; the name astrovirus comes from 'astron', which means star in Greek. Astroviruses are an important cause of acute infantile gastroenteritis in humans (Madeley & Cosgrove, 1975) and have been shown to infect sheep (Snodgrass & Gray, 1977), cattle (Woode & Bridger, 1978), dog (Williams, 1980), domestic cat (Hoshino et al., 1981), red deer (Tzipori et al., 1981), duck (Gough et al., 1984), mouse (Kjeldsberg & Hem, 1985), turkey (McNulty et al., 1980) and pig (Shimizu et al., 1990), causing various syndromes, ranging from mild diarrhoea in lambs (Snodgrass et al., 1979) and poult enteritis and mortality syndrome in turkeys (Yu et al., 2000) to acute nephritis in chickens (Imada et al., 2000).The genome of astroviruses consists of a positive-stranded, polyadenylated RNA, which is about 7 kb long and contains three ORFs, designated ORF1a, ORF1b and ORF2 (Monroe et al., 1995). Whereas the latter encodes the capsid protein(s), ORF1a and 1b encode the nonstructural proteins involved in replication. All ast...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of a novel astrovirus associated with disease in mink

Mittelholzer

Hedlund

Englund

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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“…The GoCV-specific probe was prepared from a plasmid vector containing cloned GoCV-specific DNA. Plasmid GoCV-IP (Todd et al ., 2001b) contained a 1.8 kbp fragment equivalent to the complete GoCV genome that had been amplified from a clinical sample (1394/97) using inverse primers (IP). The probe used for ISH was produced by direct DIG-labelling of the 1.8 kbp GoCV-specific DNA, generated by PCR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae contains, or is likely to contain, porcine circovirus type 1 and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), psittacine beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) and pigeon or columbid circovirus (PiCV) (Mankertz et al ., 2000;Todd, 2000;Todd et al ., 2001b). Additional candidate members of the genus have also recently been described, namely canary circovirus (Todd et al ., 2001a), goose circovirus (GoCV) (Todd et al ., 2001b) and duck circovirus (Hattermann et al ., 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circovirus-infected geese studied byin situhybridization

Smyth

Soike²,

Moffett

et al. 2005

Avian Pathology

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It has now been established that circovirus infection is common in farmed geese, but little is known about the clinicopathological significance of such infections. Ten clinically diseased geese suspected of being infected by circovirus were studied by in situ hybridization using a goose circovirus DNA probe. Circovirus DNA was demonstrated in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), spleen, thymus, bone marrow, liver, kidney, lung and heart, indicating that infection can be multisystemic. In some birds, virus DNA was present in very large quantities, most notably in the BF, liver and small intestine. With the exception of BF and thymus, there were no histological findings that would have suggested the presence of such quantities of circovirus DNA. In view of the very large quantities of virus DNA labelling present in some tissues, and by analogy to porcine circovirus type 2 infection and psittacine beak and feather virus infections, which are known to cause severe disease, and which have similar virus distribution to that found in our geese, it seems probable that the circovirus was important in the disease manifestations shown by the infected geese.

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“…The reaction took place at 94 °C for 4 min, then at 94 °C for 30 s, at 49 °C for 20 s, at 72 °C for 45 s, for 35 times and then at 72 °C for 8 min. The second PCR included PiCV-specific primers from within an amplified area based on the sequences described above (Mankertz et al 2000;Todd et al 2001), Circo2Sn66 5´-GGGTCTGGTTGGGGTTGCAGG-3´and Circo2Asn566 5´-CTTCCGCCTACGTCGCAAGGAC -3´ (see Table 1). Their specificity was verified by comparing them against sequences obtained from the GenBank at NCBI using the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) (Altschul et al 1990).…”

Section: Polymerase Chain Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Demonstration of Pigeon Circovirus Infection in the Czech Republic Based on Histological Testing and Nested PCR

Taras¹,

Kubicek²,

Juranová³

et al. 2003

Acta Vet. Brno

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The aim of the study was to demonstrate presence of pigeon circovirus in the Czech Republic. Squabs suspected of being infected with pigeon circovirus were selected based on clinical and pathological testing. To reach the diagnosis, a method of proving the pigeon circovirus DNA based on nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. The specificity of the PCR reaction was verified using PCR product sequencing. A sequence of PCR products was compared against pigeon circovirus sequences published so far. The comparison has confirmed the highest relation between the isolate South Moravian 1 detected by us and the North-Irish isolate 7050. The trial has thus brought an ultimate proof of the presence of pigeon circovirus in the Czech Republic. The nested PCR method for proving pigeon circovirus was developed and a new isolate of the virus was detected.

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Genome Sequence Determinations and Analyses of Novel Circoviruses from Goose and Pigeon

Cited by 164 publications

References 24 publications

Molecular characterization of a novel astrovirus associated with disease in mink

Molecular characterization of a novel astrovirus associated with disease in mink

Circovirus-infected geese studied byin situhybridization

The First Demonstration of Pigeon Circovirus Infection in the Czech Republic Based on Histological Testing and Nested PCR

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