Genome Sequence of<i>Azotobacter vinelandii</i>, an Obligate Aerobe Specialized To Support Diverse Anaerobic Metabolic Processes

Setúbal, João Carlos; Santos, Patricia C. Dos; Goldman, Barry S.; Ertesvåg, Helga; Espin, Guadelupe; Rubio, Luis M.; Valla, Svein; Almeida, Nalvo F.; Balasubramanian, Divya; Cromes, Lindsey; Curatti, Leonardo; Du, Zijin; Godsy, Eric; Goodner, Brad; Hellner-Burris, Kaitlyn; Hernández, José Ángel; Houmiel, Katherine; Imperial, Juan; Kennedy, Christina; Larson, Timothy J.; Latreille, Phil; Ligon, Lauren S.; Lü, Jing; Mærk, Mali; Miller, Nancy; Norton, Stacie; O’Carroll, Ina P.; Paulsen, Ian T.; Raulfs, Estella C.; Roemer, Rebecca; Rosser, James M.; Segura, Daniel; Slater, Steve; Stricklin, Shawn L.; Studholme, David J.; Sun, Jian; Viana, Carlos Juliano M.; Wallin, Erik; Wang, Baomin; Wheeler, Cathy; Zhu, Huijun; Dean, Dennis R.; Dixon, Ray; Wood, Derek W.

doi:10.1128/jb.00504-09

Cited by 268 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…P0AE08). Redundancy of protection mechanisms from oxidative damage seems to be a peculiarity of the aerobe A. vinelandii (Setubal et al, 2009), but, to our knowledge, studies devoted to investigate physiological responses to the generation of oxidative species in A. vinelandii are lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AhpC is a member of the OxyR regulon, and in E. coli it was found that OxyR can respond to disulfide stress resulting from defects in the systems that maintain an intracellular reducing environment (Aslund et al, 1999). The genome sequence of A. vinelandii (Setubal et al, 2009) revealed the presence of an ahpC gene coding for alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (Uniprot acc. no.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…seven-fold as compared with the level of the wild-type strain) deserves some consideration. Expression of respiratory components, including cydAB, is under control of the oxygen-sensitive FNR-like protein CydR for which genomic analyses (Setubal et al, 2009) indicated involvement in the regulation of various processes. Notably, analysis of the cydAB transcript could provide insights on CydR inactivation, because expression of cydAB is negatively controlled by this FNR-like Fe-S transcriptional regulator (Wu et al, 1997(Wu et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Induction of the ahpC transcript, coding for alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC), an adaptive response to oxidative stress (Ochsner et al, 2000; Seaver and Imlay, 2001; Zheng et al, 2001), was observed in MV474. Moreover, an altered activity of the transcription factor CydR, an oxygen sensor with emerging roles in controlling A. vinelandii respiration (Setubal et al, 2009), was indicated by the finding that only in MV474 the level of the cydAB transcript, coding for a cytochrome oxidase negatively controlled by CydR (Wu et al, 1997(Wu et al, , 2000, was induced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data are the mean"SD from three separate growth experiments. in regulating various physiological processes associated with respiratory protection (Setubal et al, 2009). CydR can coordinate an exceptionally oxygen-labile Fe-S cluster (Wu et al, 2000) which provides a mechanism for CydR to regulate the expression of respiratory genes (Wu et al, 1997).…”

Section: Protective Action Of Rhda Against the Superoxide Generator Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The rhodanese RhdA helps Azotobacter vinelandii in maintaining cellular redox balance

Remelli

Cereda

Papenbrock

et al. 2010

Biological Chemistry

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The tandem domain rhodanese-homology protein RhdA of Azotobacter vinelandii shows an active-site loop structure that confers structural peculiarity in the environment of its catalytic cysteine residue. The in vivo effects of the lack of RhdA were investigated using an A. vinelandii mutant strain (MV474) in which the rhdA gene was disrupted by deletion. Here, by combining analytical measurements and transcript profiles, we show that deletion of the rhdA gene generates an oxidative stress condition to which A. vinelandii responds by activating defensive mechanisms. In conditions of growth in the presence of the superoxide generator phenazine methosulfate, a stressor-dependent induction of rhdA gene expression was observed, thus highlighting that RhdA is important for A. vinelandii to sustain oxidative stress. The potential of RhdA to buffer general levels of oxidants in A. vinelandii cells via redox reactions involving its cysteine thiol is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protective Action Of Rhda Against the Superoxide Generator Pmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The rhodanese RhdA helps Azotobacter vinelandii in maintaining cellular redox balance

Remelli

Cereda

Papenbrock

et al. 2010

Biological Chemistry

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Azotobacter Cysts

Segura¹,

Núñez²,

Espı́n³

2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Azotobacter is a genus of Gram‐negative, organotrophic, nitrogen‐fixing soil bacteria. These bacteria undergo a differentiation process to form cysts, which are dormant cells resistant to deleterious conditions. A cyst consists of a contracted oval cell, called central body, covered with a two‐layer capsule. Although the process of encystment has been known for many years and many physiological and morphological studies were published decades ago, the biosynthetic pathways of the major components of the cyst and how they are regulated remained largely unknown. More recent work has elucidated the biosynthesis and genetics of some of these components, like alginate, polyhydroxybutyrate and the phenolic lipids alkylresorcinols and alkylpyrones and also the regulators controlling their biosynthesis and the changes occurring during encystment, such as the loss of flagella. Among these regulators are the alternative sigma factors AlgU and RpoS, the global regulatory systems Gac/Rsm and the transcriptional regulators AlgR, ArpR and CydR. Key Concepts: The encysting process results in a dormant cell more resistant to adverse conditions than the vegetative cell. During the encysting process, a coordinated array of metabolic and morphological changes take place to produce a dormant cell. The central body of the cyst is surrounded by a protective two‐layered capsule, which is composed of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The exopolysaccharide alginate constitutes a structural part of the cyst envelope and is essential for desiccation resistance. Several regulators of gene expression control the differentiation process, leading to production of cyst.

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A zotobacter Cysts

Segura

Núñez

Espı́n

2020

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Azotobacter is a genus of soil bacteria able to form cysts, which are dormant cells resistant to deleterious conditions. A cyst consists of a contracted oval cell, covered with a two‐layered capsule. Although many physiological and morphological studies about encystment were published decades ago, the biosynthetic pathways of the major components of the cyst (alginate, polyhydroxybutyrate and the phenolic lipids alkylresorcinols and alkylpyrones) and how they are regulated, remained largely unknown. More recent work elucidated their biosyntheses and the regulators controlling their formation and changes occurring during encystment, such as the loss of flagella. Among these regulators are the alternative sigma factors AlgU and RpoS, the global regulatory systems Gac/Rsm and the transcriptional regulators AlgR, ArpR and CydR. Lately, stress‐related proteins have been shown to contribute to the resistance of the cysts. A recent proteomic analysis confirmed many of the metabolic and structural changes observed and revealed new participants in the resistance mechanisms of the cysts. Key Concepts The encysting process results in a dormant cell more resistant to adverse conditions than the vegetative cell. During the encysting process, a coordinated array of metabolic and morphological changes take place to produce a dormant cell. The central body of the cyst is surrounded by a protective two‐layered capsule, which is composed of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The exopolysaccharide alginate constitutes a structural part of the cyst envelope and is essential for desiccation resistance. Several regulators of gene expression control the differentiation process, leading to the production of cyst. Heat‐shock and LEA proteins prevent misfolding and aggregation of proteins exposed to stress (osmotic, freezing, heat, UV radiation, desiccation, etc.) in multiple organisms, including bacteria plants and animals.

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Genome Sequence ofAzotobacter vinelandii, an Obligate Aerobe Specialized To Support Diverse Anaerobic Metabolic Processes

Cited by 268 publications

References 103 publications

The rhodanese RhdA helps Azotobacter vinelandii in maintaining cellular redox balance

The rhodanese RhdA helps Azotobacter vinelandii in maintaining cellular redox balance

Azotobacter Cysts

A zotobacter Cysts

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