Rabies, a fatal zoonotic viral encephalitis kills tens of thousands of
people each year in India, representing one third of the estimated
global rabies burden. A detailed understanding of the molecular
epidemiology of the Rabies lyssavirus (RABV) in India is limited due to
the low availability of sequences from the country. In this study we
examined the feasibility of direct sequencing of clinical samples
(archived human and canine brain tissues, 10 each), for detection and
recovery of whole genome sequences of RABV, on the MinION – single
molecule nanopore sequencing device. Using an amplicon-based approach,
complete RABV genomes were recovered from all the 20 samples, archived
from 2003 to 2019, from 4 southern states of India. Phylogenetic
analysis revealed that all 20 sequences from this study belonged to the
Arctic-like (AL) 1a lineage. Divergence estimation of sequences revealed
that all the circulating RABV strains within India are diverged in last
60 years from the previous ancestor. The genetic relatedness and close
clustering of the sequences in the study suggests the continued
propagation of AL1a in the region, across state boundaries. Genomic
surveillance can provide unique insights into rabies spread and
persistence that can direct control efforts in India.